Love


Love (1886) traces a young man’s romantic education from first infatuation through disappointment, capturing the self-deceptions of passion with gentle irony. "He was in love."
"The Kiss" by Francesco Hayez, 1859

THREE o'clock in the morning. The soft April night is looking in at my windows and caressingly winking at me with its stars. I can't sleep, I am so happy!

"My whole being from head to heels is bursting with a strange, incomprehensible feeling. I can't analyse it just now -- I haven't the time, I'm too lazy, and there -- hang analysis! Why, is a man likely to interpret his sensations when he is flying head foremost from a belfry, or has just learned that he has won two hundred thousand? Is he in a state to do it?"

This was more or less how I began my love-letter to Sasha, a girl of nineteen with whom I had fallen in love. I began it five times, and as often tore up the sheets, scratched out whole pages, and copied it all over again. I spent as long over the letter as if it had been a novel I had to write to order. And it was not because I tried to make it longer, more elaborate, and more fervent, but because I wanted endlessly to prolong the process of this writing, when one sits in the stillness of one's study and communes with one's own day-dreams while the spring night looks in at one's window. Between the lines I saw a beloved image, and it seemed to me that there were, sitting at the same table writing with me, spirits as navely happy, as foolish, and as blissfully smiling as I. I wrote continually, looking at my hand, which still ached deliciously where hers had lately pressed it, and if I turned my eyes away I had a vision of the green trellis of the little gate. Through that trellis Sasha gazed at me after I had said goodbye to her. When I was saying good-bye to Sasha I was thinking of nothing and was simply admiring her figure as every decent man admires a pretty woman; when I saw through the trellis two big eyes, I suddenly, as though by inspiration, knew that I was in love, that it was all settled between us, and fully decided already, that I had nothing left to do but to carry out certain formalities.

It is a great delight also to seal up a love-letter, and, slowly putting on one's hat and coat, to go softly out of the house and to carry the treasure to the post. There are no stars in the sky now: in their place there is a long whitish streak in the east, broken here and there by clouds above the roofs of the dingy houses; from that streak the whole sky is flooded with pale light. The town is asleep, but already the water-carts have come out, and somewhere in a far-away factory a whistle sounds to wake up the workpeople. Beside the postbox, slightly moist with dew, you are sure to see the clumsy figure of a house porter, wearing a bell-shaped sheepskin and carrying a stick. He is in a condition akin to catalepsy: he is not asleep or awake, but something between.

If the boxes knew how often people resort to them for the decision of their fate, they would not have such a humble air. I, anyway, almost kissed my postbox, and as I gazed at it I reflected that the post is the greatest of blessings.

I beg anyone who has ever been in love to remember how one usually hurries home after dropping the letter in the box, rapidly gets into bed and pulls up the quilt in the full conviction that as soon as one wakes up in the morning one will be overwhelmed with memories of the previous day and look with rapture at the window, where the daylight will be eagerly making its way through the folds of the curtain.

Well, to facts. . . . Next morning at midday, Sasha's maid brought me the following answer: "I am delited be sure to come to us to day please I shall expect you. Your S."

Not a single comma. This lack of punctuation, and the misspelling of the word "delighted," the whole letter, and even the long, narrow envelope in which it was put filled my heart with tenderness. In the sprawling but diffident handwriting I recognised Sasha's walk, her way of raising her eyebrows when she laughed, the movement of her lips. . . . But the contents of the letter did not satisfy me. In the first place, poetical letters are not answered in that way, and in the second, why should I go to Sasha's house to wait till it should occur to her stout mamma, her brothers, and poor relations to leave us alone together? It would never enter their heads, and nothing is more hateful than to have to restrain one's raptures simply because of the intrusion of some animate trumpery in the shape of a half-deaf old woman or little girl pestering one with questions. I sent an answer by the maid asking Sasha to select some park or boulevard for a rendezvous. My suggestion was readily accepted. I had struck the right chord, as the saying is.

Between four and five o'clock in the afternoon I made my way to the furthest and most overgrown part of the park. There was not a soul in the park, and the tryst might have taken place somewhere nearer in one of the avenues or arbours, but women don't like doing it by halves in romantic affairs; in for a penny, in for a pound -- if you are in for a tryst, let it be in the furthest and most impenetrable thicket, where one runs the risk of stumbling upon some rough or drunken man. When I went up to Sasha she was standing with her back to me, and in that back I could read a devilish lot of mystery. It seemed as though that back and the nape of her neck, and the black spots on her dress were saying: Hush! . . . The girl was wearing a simple cotton dress over which she had thrown a light cape. To add to the air of mysterious secrecy, her face was covered with a white veil. Not to spoil the effect, I had to approach on tiptoe and speak in a half whisper.

From what I remember now, I was not so much the essential point of the rendezvous as a detail of it. Sasha was not so much absorbed in the interview itself as in its romantic mysteriousness, my kisses, the silence of the gloomy trees, my vows. . . . There was not a minute in which she forgot herself, was overcome, or let the mysterious expression drop from her face, and really if there had been any Ivan Sidoritch or Sidor Ivanitch in my place she would have felt just as happy. How is one to make out in such circumstances whether one is loved or not? Whether the love is "the real thing" or not?

From the park I took Sasha home with me. The presence of the beloved woman in one's bachelor quarters affects one like wine and music. Usually one begins to speak of the future, and the confidence and self-reliance with which one does so is beyond bounds. You make plans and projects, talk fervently of the rank of general though you have not yet reached the rank of a lieutenant, and altogether you fire off such high-flown nonsense that your listener must have a great deal of love and ignorance of life to assent to it. Fortunately for men, women in love are always blinded by their feelings and never know anything of life. Far from not assenting, they actually turn pale with holy awe, are full of reverence and hang greedily on the maniac's words. Sasha listened to me with attention, but I soon detected an absent-minded expression on her face, she did not understand me. The future of which I talked interested her only in its external aspect and I was wasting time in displaying my plans and projects before her. She was keenly interested in knowing which would be her room, what paper she would have in the room, why I had an upright piano instead of a grand piano, and so on. She examined carefully all the little things on my table, looked at the photographs, sniffed at the bottles, peeled the old stamps off the envelopes, saying she wanted them for something.

"Please collect old stamps for me!" she said, making a grave face. "Please do."

Then she found a nut in the window, noisily cracked it and ate it.

"Why don't you stick little labels on the backs of your books?" she asked, taking a look at the bookcase.

"What for?"

"Oh, so that each book should have its number. And where am I to put my books? I've got books too, you know."

"What books have you got?" I asked.

Sasha raised her eyebrows, thought a moment and said:

"All sorts."

And if it had entered my head to ask her what thoughts, what convictions, what aims she had, she would no doubt have raised her eyebrows, thought a minute, and have said in the same way: "All sorts."

Later I saw Sasha home and left her house regularly, officially engaged, and was so reckoned till our wedding. If the reader will allow me to judge merely from my personal experience, I maintain that to be engaged is very dreary, far more so than to be a husband or nothing at all. An engaged man is neither one thing nor the other, he has left one side of the river and not reached the other, he is not married and yet he can't be said to be a bachelor, but is in something not unlike the condition of the porter whom I have mentioned above.

Every day as soon as I had a free moment I hastened to my fiance. As I went I usually bore within me a multitude of hopes, desires, intentions, suggestions, phrases. I always fancied that as soon as the maid opened the door I should, from feeling oppressed and stifled, plunge at once up to my neck into a sea of refreshing happiness. But it always turned out otherwise in fact. Every time I went to see my fiance I found all her family and other members of the household busy over the silly trousseau. (And by the way, they were hard at work sewing for two months and then they had less than a hundred roubles' worth of things). There was a smell of irons, candle grease and fumes. Bugles scrunched under one's feet. The two most important rooms were piled up with billows of linen, calico, and muslin and from among the billows peeped out Sasha's little head with a thread between her teeth. All the sewing party welcomed me with cries of delight but at once led me off into the dining-room where I could not hinder them nor see what only husbands are permitted to behold. In spite of my feelings, I had to sit in the dining-room and converse with Pimenovna, one of the poor relations. Sasha, looking worried and excited, kept running by me with a thimble, a skein of wool or some other boring object.

"Wait, wait, I shan't be a minute," she would say when I raised imploring eyes to her. "Only fancy that wretch Stepanida has spoilt the bodice of the barge dress!"

And after waiting in vain for this grace, I lost my temper, went out of the house and walked about the streets in the company of the new cane I had bought. Or I would want to go for a walk or a drive with my fiance, would go round and find her already standing in the hall with her mother, dressed to go out and playing with her parasol.

"Oh, we are going to the Arcade," she would say. "We have got to buy some more cashmere and change the hat."

My outing is knocked on the head. I join the ladies and go with them to the Arcade. It is revoltingly dull to listen to women shopping, haggling and trying to outdo the sharp shopman. I felt ashamed when Sasha, after turning over masses of material and knocking down the prices to a minimum, walked out of the shop without buying anything, or else told the shopman to cut her some half rouble's worth.

When they came out of the shop, Sasha and her mamma with scared and worried faces would discuss at length having made a mistake, having bought the wrong thing, the flowers in the chintz being too dark, and so on.

Yes, it is a bore to be engaged! I'm glad it's over.

Now I am married. It is evening. I am sitting in my study reading. Behind me on the sofa Sasha is sitting munching something noisily. I want a glass of beer.

"Sasha, look for the corkscrew. . . ." I say. "It's lying about somewhere."

Sasha leaps up, rummages in a disorderly way among two or three heaps of papers, drops the matches, and without finding the corkscrew, sits down in silence. . . . Five minutes pass -- ten. . . I begin to be fretted both by thirst and vexation.

"Sasha, do look for the corkscrew," I say.

Sasha leaps up again and rummages among the papers near me. Her munching and rustling of the papers affects me like the sound of sharpening knives against each other. . . . I get up and begin looking for the corkscrew myself. At last it is found and the beer is uncorked. Sasha remains by the table and begins telling me something at great length.

"You'd better read something, Sasha," I say.

She takes up a book, sits down facing me and begins moving her lips. . . . I look at her little forehead, moving lips, and sink into thought.

"She is getting on for twenty. . . ." I reflect. "If one takes a boy of the educated class and of that age and compares them, what a difference! The boy would have knowledge and convictions and some intelligence."

But I forgive that difference just as the low forehead and moving lips are forgiven. I remember in my old Lovelace days I have cast off women for a stain on their stockings, or for one foolish word, or for not cleaning their teeth, and now I forgive everything: the munching, the muddling about after the corkscrew, the slovenliness, the long talking about nothing that matters; I forgive it all almost unconsciously, with no effort of will, as though Sasha's mistakes were my mistakes, and many things which would have made me wince in old days move me to tenderness and even rapture. The explanation of this forgiveness of everything lies in my love for Sasha, but what is the explanation of the love itself, I really don't know.


Love was featured as The Short Story of the Day on Sat, Apr 05, 2025

Frequently Asked Questions about Love

What is "Love" by Anton Chekhov about?

"Love" by Anton Chekhov follows an unnamed narrator through three stages of romantic love: infatuation, engagement, and marriage. The story opens at three in the morning as the narrator writes a rapturous love letter to Sasha, a nineteen-year-old girl. He describes the bliss of posting the letter at dawn and the excitement of receiving her misspelled reply. What begins as intoxicating passion quickly gives way to the tedium of engagement — endless trousseau sewing, shopping trips, and the frustration of never being alone with Sasha. The story ends with the couple married, the narrator reading in his study while Sasha munches food and fumbles for a corkscrew, leaving the narrator to reflect on how love persists despite the disappearance of romance.

What is the main theme of "Love" by Chekhov?

The central theme of "Love" is the inevitable transformation of romantic passion into domestic routine. Chekhov traces how the narrator’s ecstatic, all-consuming infatuation with Sasha gradually deflates through the drudgery of engagement and settles into the quiet compromises of marriage. The story also explores the theme of idealism versus reality — the narrator’s poetic expectations of love clash with Sasha’s practical concerns about wallpaper, room assignments, and shopping. Ultimately, Chekhov suggests that mature love is not the abolition of illusion but the willingness to forgive everything, even when one can no longer explain why.

Who is Sasha in Chekhov's "Love"?

Sasha is the nineteen-year-old woman the narrator falls in love with. She is depicted as pretty and appealing but intellectually shallow — her love letter contains misspellings and no punctuation, and when asked about her books or convictions she can only answer "all sorts." During their secret park rendezvous, Sasha is more absorbed in the romantic theatrics — her mysterious veil, the gloomy trees, the whispered vows — than in the narrator himself. As a fiancée, she is consumed by the trousseau; as a wife, she munches food noisily and loses the corkscrew. Chekhov uses Sasha to embody how the object of romantic love often bears little resemblance to the idealized image the lover constructs.

What literary devices does Chekhov use in "Love"?

Chekhov employs several notable literary devices in "Love." The story uses a first-person retrospective narrator who looks back on his romantic history with a mixture of tenderness and irony. Structural parallelism divides the narrative into three distinct phases — infatuation, engagement, and marriage — each progressively more deflating. Chekhov uses vivid sensory imagery, such as the "long whitish streak" of dawn and the sound of a factory whistle, to ground the narrator’s poetic feelings in mundane reality. The story also features ironic juxtaposition: the narrator’s lofty love letter versus Sasha’s misspelled reply, and his ecstatic anticipation of marriage versus the domestic scene of searching for a corkscrew.

What is the tone of Chekhov's "Love"?

The tone of "Love" shifts deliberately across the story’s three sections. It begins with lyrical exuberance as the narrator compares his feelings to "flying head foremost from a belfry" and rhapsodizes about the stars and the April night. During the engagement, the tone turns sardonic and frustrated, with the narrator describing trousseau preparations as "revoltingly dull" and Sasha’s relatives as "animate trumpery." The final married section settles into quiet, rueful acceptance. Chekhov’s characteristic dry wit pervades the entire story, gently mocking the narrator’s romantic illusions while simultaneously treating his capacity for forgiveness with genuine tenderness.

What does the ending of "Love" by Chekhov mean?

The ending of "Love" is both anticlimactic and profoundly honest. The narrator sits reading while his wife Sasha munches food, loses the corkscrew, and moves her lips while trying to read. He notices she is nearly twenty yet has none of the knowledge or convictions of an educated man her age. Yet instead of resentment, he feels tenderness and rapture — forgiving "almost unconsciously, with no effort of will" everything that once would have made him wince. The final line — "what is the explanation of the love itself, I really don’t know" — is Chekhov’s signature ambiguity, suggesting that love endures not because of reason but in spite of it.

How does Chekhov portray marriage in "Love"?

Chekhov portrays marriage in "Love" with characteristic unsentimental realism. The narrator’s married life is rendered through small, telling details: Sasha munching noisily, rummaging ineffectually through papers, and talking at length about nothing important. The narrator compares the engaged state to being "neither one thing nor the other," like a sleepwalking porter — and marriage itself, while quieter, is hardly more glamorous. Yet Chekhov avoids cynicism. The narrator discovers that love in marriage is not the disappearance of feeling but its transformation into something less explicable and more forgiving. The domestic details that might signal disillusionment in another writer become, for Chekhov, evidence of a deeper, inexplicable attachment.

What role does irony play in Chekhov's "Love"?

Irony is the central structural device of "Love." The narrator writes an elaborate love letter and receives Sasha’s misspelled, punctuation-free reply — yet her errors fill him with tenderness. He expects their rendezvous to be deeply emotional, but Sasha is performing a role, absorbed in the theater of romance rather than genuine feeling. During the engagement, his visions of the future bore Sasha, who is interested only in wallpaper and piano size. The deepest irony is that the things that once made the narrator "wince" in past lovers — slovenliness, foolish words, dirty stockings — he now forgives completely in Sasha. Chekhov uses irony not to mock love but to show that it operates beyond rational control.

How does "Love" compare to Chekhov's other stories about love?

"Love" (1886) is an early Chekhov story that takes a lighter, more comic approach than his later treatments of romantic love. In contrast to About Love (1898), where Alehin’s unspoken love for a married woman ends in devastating separation, "Love" follows a relationship that succeeds — the narrator courts, becomes engaged, and marries Sasha. Where "About Love" is a tragedy of missed opportunity, "Love" is a gentle comedy of fulfilled expectations that nonetheless disappoint. Both stories share Chekhov’s conviction that love is an irrational mystery, but "Love" reaches that conclusion through domesticity rather than loss, making it a unique companion piece in Chekhov’s body of work.

What is the significance of the love letter scene in "Love" by Chekhov?

The opening love letter scene in "Love" establishes the story’s central tension between romantic imagination and reality. The narrator spends the entire night writing and rewriting his letter, not to improve its content but to prolong the pleasurable act of composing it. He describes "spirits as naïvely happy" sitting beside him, and the April night "caressingly winking" at him through the window. The letter represents love at its most private and idealized — a solitary communion with one’s own fantasies. When Sasha’s reply arrives misspelled and blunt, the contrast is comic, yet the narrator finds her errors endearing. Chekhov suggests that the lover’s imagination transforms everything it touches, making even imperfections beautiful.

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