The Bull
by H.H. Munro (SAKI)
The Bull (1914) is a story of two half-brothers who clash over whose bull is worth more — a farmer's prized animal or an artist's painted one. "The Bull was a magnificent beast, and he knew it."
Tom Yorkfield had always regarded his half-brother, Laurence, with a lazy instinct of dislike, toned down, as years went on, to a tolerant feeling of indifference. There was nothing very tangible to dislike him for; he was just a blood-relation, with whom Tom had no single taste or interest in common, and with whom, at the same time, he had had no occasion for quarrel. Laurence had left the farm early in life, and had lived for a few years on a small sum of money left him by his mother; he had taken up painting as a profession, and was reported to be doing fairly well at it, well enough, at any rate, to keep body and soul together. He specialised in painting animals, and he was successful in finding a certain number of people to buy his pictures. Tom felt a comforting sense of assured superiority in contrasting his position with that of his half-brother; Laurence was an artist-chap, just that and nothing more, though you might make it sound more important by calling an animal painter; Tom was a farmer, not in a very big way, it was true, but the Helsery farm had been in the family for some generations, and it had a good reputation for the stock raised on it. Tom had done his best, with the little capital at his command, to maintain and improve the standard of his small herd of cattle, and in Clover Fairy he had bred a bull which was something rather better than any that his immediate neighbours could show. It would not have made a sensation in the judging-ring at an important cattle show, but it was as vigorous, shapely, and healthy a young animal as any small practical farmer could wish to possess. At the King's Head on market days Clover Fairy was very highly spoken of, and Yorkfield used to declare that he would not part with him for a hundred pounds; a hundred pounds is a lot of money in the small farming line, and probably anything over eighty would have tempted him.
It was with some especial pleasure that Tom took advantage of one of Laurence's rare visits to the farm to lead him down to the enclosure where Clover Fairy kept solitary state--the grass widower of a grazing harem. Tom felt some of his old dislike for his half-brother reviving; the artist was becoming more languid in his manner, more unsuitably turned-out in attire, and he seemed inclined to impart a slightly patronising tone to his conversation. He took no heed of a flourishing potato crop, but waxed enthusiastic over a clump of yellow-flowering weed that stood in a corner by a gateway, which was rather galling to the owner of a really very well weeded farm; again, when he might have been duly complimentary about a group of fat, black-faced lambs, that simply cried aloud for admiration, he became eloquent over the foliage tints of an oak copse on the hill opposite. But now he was being taken to inspect the crowning pride and glory of Helsery; however grudging he might be in his praises, however backward and niggardly with his congratulations, he would have to see and acknowledge the many excellences of that redoubtable animal. Some weeks ago, while on a business journey to Taunton, Tom had been invited by his half-brother to visit a studio in that town, where Laurence was exhibiting one of his pictures, a large canvas representing a bull standing knee-deep in some marshy ground; it had been good of its kind, no doubt, and Laurence had seemed inordinately pleased with it; "the best thing I've done yet," he had said over and over again, and Tom had generously agreed that it was fairly life-like. Now, the man of pigments was going to be shown a real picture, a living model of strength and comeliness, a thing to feast the eyes on, a picture that exhibited new pose and action with every shifting minute, instead of standing glued into one unvarying attitude between the four walls of a frame. Tom unfastened a stout wooden door and led the way into a straw- bedded yard.
"Is he quiet?" asked the artist, as a young bull with a curly red coat came inquiringly towards them.
"He's playful at times," said Tom, leaving his half-brother to wonder whether the bull's ideas of play were of the catch-as-catch-can order. Laurence made one or two perfunctory comments on the animal's appearance and asked a question or so as to his age and such-like details; then he coolly turned the talk into another channel.
"Do you remember the picture I showed you at Taunton?" he asked.
"Yes," grunted Tom; "a white-faced bull standing in some slush. Don't admire those Herefords much myself; bulky-looking brutes, don't seem to have much life in them. Daresay they're easier to paint that way; now, this young beggar is on the move all the time, aren't you, Fairy?"
"I've sold that picture," said Laurence, with considerable complacency in his voice.
"Have you?" said Tom; "glad to hear it, I'm sure. Hope you're pleased with what you've got for it."
"I got three hundred pounds for it," said Laurence.
Tom turned towards him with a slowly rising flush of anger in his face. Three hundred pounds! Under the most favourable market conditions that he could imagine his prized Clover Fairy would hardly fetch a hundred, yet here was a piece of varnished canvas, painted by his half-brother, selling for three times that sum. It was a cruel insult that went home with all the more force because it emphasised the triumph of the patronising, self-satisfied Laurence. The young farmer had meant to put his relative just a little out of conceit with himself by displaying the jewel of his possessions, and now the tables were turned, and his valued beast was made to look cheap and insignificant beside the price paid for a mere picture. It was so monstrously unjust; the painting would never be anything more than a dexterous piece of counterfeit life, while Clover Fairy was the real thing, a monarch in his little world, a personality in the countryside. After he was dead, even, he would still be something of a personality; his descendants would graze in those valley meadows and hillside pastures, they would fill stall and byre and milking-shed, their good red coats would speckle the landscape and crowd the market-place; men would note a promising heifer or a well-proportioned steer, and say: "Ah, that one comes of good old Clover Fairy's stock." All that time the picture would be hanging, lifeless and unchanging, beneath its dust and varnish, a chattel that ceased to mean anything if you chose to turn it with its back to the wall. These thoughts chased themselves angrily through Tom Yorkfield's mind, but he could not put them into words. When he gave tongue to his feelings he put matters bluntly and harshly.
"Some soft-witted fools may like to throw away three hundred pounds on a bit of paintwork; can't say as I envy them their taste. I'd rather have the real thing than a picture of it."
He nodded towards the young bull, that was alternately staring at them with nose held high and lowering its horns with a half-playful, half-impatient shake of the head.
Laurence laughed a laugh of irritating, indulgent amusement.
"I don't think the purchaser of my bit of paintwork, as you call it, need worry about having thrown his money away. As I get to be better known and recognised my pictures will go up in value. That particular one will probably fetch four hundred in a sale-room five or six years hence; pictures aren't a bad investment if you know enough to pick out the work of the right men. Now you can't say your precious bull is going to get more valuable the longer you keep him; he'll have his little day, and then, if you go on keeping him, he'll come down at last to a few shillingsworth of hoofs and hide, just at a time, perhaps, when my bull is being bought for a big sum for some important picture gallery."
It was too much. The united force of truth and slander and insult put over heavy a strain on Tom Yorkfield's powers of restraint. In his right hand he held a useful oak cudgel, with his left he made a grab at the loose collar of Laurence's canary-coloured silk shirt. Laurence was not a fighting man; the fear of physical violence threw him off his balance as completely as overmastering indignation had thrown Tom off his, and thus it came to pass that Clover Fairy was regaled with the unprecedented sight of a human being scudding and squawking across the enclosure, like the hen that would persist in trying to establish a nesting-place in the manger. In another crowded happy moment the bull was trying to jerk Laurence over his left shoulder, to prod him in the ribs while still in the air, and to kneel on him when he reached the ground. It was only the vigorous intervention of Tom that induced him to relinquish the last item of his programme.
Tom devotedly and ungrudgingly nursed his half brother to a complete recovery from his injuries, which consisted of nothing more serious than a dislocated shoulder, a broken rib or two, and a little nervous prostration. After all, there was no further occasion for rancour in the young farmer's mind; Laurence's bull might sell for three hundred, or for six hundred, and be admired by thousands in some big picture gallery, but it would never toss a man over one shoulder and catch him a jab in the ribs before he had fallen on the other side. That was Clover Fairy's noteworthy achievement, which could never be taken away from him.
Laurence continues to be popular as an animal artist, but his subjects are always kittens or fawns or lambkins--never bulls.
Frequently Asked Questions about The Bull
What is "The Bull" by Saki about?
"The Bull" by tells the story of two half-brothers with sharply contrasting lives: Tom Yorkfield, a small farmer who has bred a prized bull named Clover Fairy, and Laurence, an animal painter who has left the farm to pursue art. When Laurence visits the farm, Tom proudly shows him the bull, expecting admiration, but Laurence is unimpressed and instead reveals that he has sold a painting of a bull for three hundred pounds—three times what Tom’s real bull would fetch. The revelation ignites Tom’s jealousy, leading to a physical confrontation in which Laurence is chased and attacked by Clover Fairy, saved only by Tom’s intervention. The story ends with Tom nursing Laurence back to health, his resentment dissolved by the knowledge that a real bull can do something a painting never could.
What are the main themes in "The Bull" by Saki?
The primary themes of "The Bull" include sibling rivalry and jealousy, as Tom’s simmering dislike of Laurence erupts into violence when art proves more lucrative than farming. The story also explores the tension between the practical and the artistic, satirizing both Tom’s dismissal of painting and Laurence’s patronizing indifference to farm work. A deeper theme is the conflict between reality and representation—Tom values the living, breathing bull while Laurence prizes the painted image, and neither brother can appreciate the other’s world. Finally, the story touches on wounded pride and class resentment, as Tom’s identity is bound up in his farm and the bull’s physical superiority becomes his only consolation.
Who are the main characters in "The Bull" by Saki?
The two main characters are the half-brothers Tom Yorkfield and Laurence. Tom is a small but proud farmer who runs the family’s Helsery farm and has bred a bull named Clover Fairy, which he considers the crowning glory of his enterprise. Laurence left the farm early in life to become an animal painter, living on a small inheritance from his mother and gradually building a reputation in the art world. The third "character" is Clover Fairy himself, the young red-coated bull whose physical vitality ultimately settles the brothers’ dispute in a way that words could not. Laurence is languid and patronizing, Tom is earthy and resentful, and their contrasting temperaments drive the story’s conflict.
What is the significance of the bull Clover Fairy in Saki's story?
Clover Fairy serves as both a literal prize possession and a powerful symbol of the practical, physical world that Tom inhabits. Tom has invested years of careful breeding into the animal, and it represents his identity, his family legacy, and his sense of self-worth. When Laurence’s painting of a bull sells for three hundred pounds—far exceeding Clover Fairy’s market value—the real bull becomes the focal point of Tom’s wounded pride. Ultimately, when Clover Fairy attacks Laurence, he demonstrates the one thing a painted bull can never do: act with force and vitality. This act restores Tom’s sense of superiority and resolves the central conflict of the story.
What literary devices does Saki use in "The Bull"?
Saki employs several literary devices with characteristic wit. Irony pervades the story: Tom intends to impress Laurence with his bull but instead learns that Laurence’s painted bull is worth far more. Simile is used memorably when Laurence, fleeing across the enclosure, is compared to "the hen that would persist in trying to establish a nesting-place in the manger." The story also features situational comedy that escalates from verbal sparring to slapstick violence. Saki’s satirical tone skewers both brothers equally—neither the philistine farmer nor the patronizing artist escapes criticism. The ending delivers a final ironic twist: Laurence continues painting animals but "his subjects are always kittens or fawns or lambkins—never bulls."
What is the conflict between Tom and Laurence in "The Bull"?
The conflict between the half-brothers operates on multiple levels. On the surface, it is a rivalry over whose "bull" is more valuable—Tom’s living animal or Laurence’s painted one. Beneath this lies a deeper conflict rooted in mutual contempt for each other’s way of life: Tom dismisses Laurence as a mere "artist-chap" while Laurence ignores Tom’s flourishing potato crops to admire weeds and foliage. The conflict reaches its breaking point when Laurence boasts that his painting sold for three hundred pounds and will only appreciate in value, while Tom’s bull will eventually be reduced to "a few shillingsworth of hoofs and hide." This taunt, combining truth with insult, pushes Tom to physical violence and sets up the story’s comic climax.
How does "The Bull" compare to other Saki stories?
"The Bull" shares Saki’s hallmark blend of dark humor, social satire, and unexpected violence found in many of his best-known works. Like "The Open Window," it builds toward a shocking climax through seemingly polite social interaction. It resembles "The Interlopers" in its exploration of long-standing personal enmity that nature resolves through sudden violence. The story also recalls "The Stalled Ox," another tale that satirizes the collision between art and rural practicality. However, "The Bull" is notably gentler in its resolution—Tom nurses Laurence back to health, and the ending is comic rather than tragic.
What is the ending of "The Bull" by Saki and what does it mean?
After Tom shoves Laurence into the enclosure and Clover Fairy attacks him—dislocating his shoulder, breaking a rib or two, and causing nervous prostration—Tom "devotedly and ungrudgingly" nurses his half-brother to a full recovery. Tom’s rancor vanishes because Clover Fairy has done what no painting ever could: he tossed a man over one shoulder and jabbed him in the ribs before he hit the ground. The final line reveals that Laurence continues as a successful animal artist but now only paints "kittens or fawns or lambkins—never bulls." This ending carries Saki’s signature ironic humor: the real bull has left such a lasting impression that it has permanently altered Laurence’s artistic career, giving Tom a quiet, permanent victory.
What is the role of art versus reality in Saki's "The Bull"?
The central debate in the story is whether a representation of life (Laurence’s painting) or life itself (Tom’s bull) holds greater value. Laurence argues that art appreciates over time and will hang in galleries long after the real bull is dead, making the painting a better investment. Tom counters that the real bull will leave descendants who "graze in those valley meadows," perpetuating a living legacy that no canvas can match. Saki does not take sides so much as satirize both positions. The story’s resolution—the real bull physically attacking the artist—suggests that reality has a visceral power art cannot replicate, but the final joke is that this traumatic encounter has ironically enhanced Laurence’s artistic self-awareness.
When was "The Bull" by Saki written and in what collection does it appear?
"The Bull" was written by and published in his collection Beasts and Super-Beasts in 1914. This collection, one of Saki’s most celebrated, also contains well-known stories such as "The Open Window" and "The Lumber Room." The collection was published just months before the outbreak of World War I, in which Munro would serve and ultimately be killed in 1916. "The Bull" exemplifies the collection’s recurring interest in animals that upend human pretensions and the comic consequences of underestimating the natural world.
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