The Purple Dress

We are to consider the shade known as purple. It is a color justly in repute among the sons and daughters of man. Emperors claim it for their especial dye. Good fellows everywhere seek to bring their noses to the genial hue that follows the commingling of the red and blue. We say of princes that they are born to the purple; and no doubt they are, for the colic tinges their faces with the royal tint equally with the snub-nosed countenance of a woodchopper's brat. All women love it--when it is the fashion.

And now purple is being worn. You notice it on the streets. Of course other colors are quite stylish as well--in fact, I saw a lovely thing the other day in olive green albatross, with a triple-lapped flounce skirt trimmed with insert squares of silk, and a draped fichu of lace opening over a shirred vest and double puff sleeves with a lace band holding two gathered frills--but you see lots of purple too. Oh, yes, you do; just take a walk down Twenty-third street any afternoon.

Therefore Maida--the girl with the big brown eyes and cinnamon-colored hair in the Bee-Hive Store--said to Grace--the girl with the rhinestone brooch and peppermint-pepsin flavor to her speech--"I'm going to have a purple dress--a tailor-made purple dress--for Thanksgiving."

"Oh, are you," said Grace, putting away some 71/2 gloves into the 63/4 box. "Well, it's me for red. You see more red on Fifth avenue. And the men all seem to like it."

"I like purple best," said Maida. "And old Schlegel has promised to make it for $8. It's going to be lovely. I'm going to have a plaited skirt and a blouse coat trimmed with a band of galloon under a white cloth collar with two rows of--"

"Sly boots!" said Grace with an educated wink.

"--soutache braid over a surpliced white vest; and a plaited basque and--"

"Sly boots--sly boots!" repeated Grace.

"--plaited gigot sleeves with a drawn velvet ribbon over an inside cuff. What do you mean by saying that?"

"You think Mr. Ramsay likes purple. I heard him say yesterday he thought some of the dark shades of red were stunning."

"I don't care," said Maida. "I prefer purple, and them that don't like it can just take the other side of the street."

Which suggests the thought that after all, the followers of purple may be subject to slight delusions. Danger is near when a maiden thinks she can wear purple regardless of complexions and opinions; and when Emperors think their purple robes will wear forever.

Maida had saved $18 after eight months of economy; and this had bought the goods for the purple dress and paid Schlegel $4 on the making of it. On the day before Thanksgiving she would have just enough to pay the remaining $4. And then for a holiday in a new dress--can earth offer anything more enchanting?

Old Bachman, the proprietor of the Bee-Hive Store, always gave a Thanksgiving dinner to his employees. On every one of the subsequent 364 days, excusing Sundays, he would remind them of the joys of the past banquet and the hopes of the coming ones, thus inciting them to increased enthusiasm in work. The dinner was given in the store on one of the long tables in the middle of the room. They tacked wrapping paper over the front windows; and the turkeys and other good things were brought in the back way from the restaurant on the corner. You will perceive that the Bee-Hive was not a fashionable department store, with escalators and pompadours. It was almost small enough to be called an emporium; and you could actually go in there and get waited on and walk out again. And always at the Thanksgiving dinners Mr. Ramsay--

Oh, bother! I should have mentioned Mr. Ramsay first of all. He is more important than purple or green, or even the red cranberry sauce.

Mr. Ramsay was the head clerk; and as far as I am concerned I am for him. He never pinched the girls' arms when he passed them in dark corners of the store; and when he told them stories when business was dull and the girls giggled and said: "Oh, pshaw!" it wasn't G. Bernard they meant at all. Besides being a gentleman, Mr. Ramsay was queer and original in other ways. He was a health crank, and believed that people should never eat anything that was good for them. He was violently opposed to anybody being comfortable, and coming in out of snow storms, or wearing overshoes, or taking medicine, or coddling themselves in any way. Every one of the ten girls in the store had little pork-chop-and-fried-onion dreams every night of becoming Mrs. Ramsay. For, next year old Bachman was going to take him in for a partner. And each one of them knew that if she should catch him she would knock those cranky health notions of his sky high before the wedding cake indigestion was over.

Mr. Ramsay was master of ceremonies at the dinners. Always they had two Italians in to play a violin and harp and had a little dance in the store.

And here were two dresses being conceived to charm Ramsay--one purple and the other red. Of course, the other eight girls were going to have dresses too, but they didn't count. Very likely they'd wear some shirt-waist-and-black-skirt-affairs--nothing as resplendent as purple or red.

Grace had saved her money, too. She was going to buy her dress ready-made. Oh, what's the use of bothering with a tailor--when you've got a figger it's easy to get a fit--the ready-made are intended for a perfect figger--except I have to have 'em all taken in at the waist--the average figger is so large waisted.

The night before Thanksgiving came. Maida hurried home, keen and bright with the thoughts of the blessed morrow. Her thoughts were of purple, but they were white themselves--the joyous enthusiasm of the young for the pleasures that youth must have or wither. She knew purple would become her, and--for the thousandth time she tried to assure herself that it was purple Mr. Ramsay said he liked and not red. She was going home first to get the $4 wrapped in a piece of tissue paper in the bottom drawer of her dresser, and then she was going to pay Schlegel and take the dress home herself.

Grace lived in the same house. She occupied the hall room above Maida's.

At home Maida found clamor and confusion. The landlady's tongue clattering sourly in the halls like a churn dasher dabbing in buttermilk. And then Grace come down to her room crying with eyes as red as any dress.

"She says I've got to get out," said Grace. "The old beast. Because I owe her $4. She's put my trunk in the hall and locked the door. I can't go anywhere else. I haven't got a cent of money."

"You had some yesterday," said Maida.

"I paid it on my dress," said Grace. "I thought she'd wait till next week for the rent."

Sniffle, sniffle, sob, sniffle.

Out came--out it had to come--Maida's $4.

"You blessed darling," cried Grace, now a rainbow instead of sunset. "I'll pay the mean old thing and then I'm going to try on my dress. I think it's heavenly. Come up and look at it. I'll pay the money back, a dollar a week--honest I will."

Thanksgiving.

The dinner was to be at noon. At a quarter to twelve Grace switched into Maida's room. Yes, she looked charming. Red was her color. Maida sat by the window in her old cheviot skirt and blue waist darning a st--. Oh, doing fancy work.

"Why, goodness me! ain't you dressed yet?" shrilled the red one. "How does it fit in the back? Don't you think these velvet tabs look awful swell? Why ain't you dressed, Maida?"

"My dress didn't get finished in time," said Maida. "I'm not going to the dinner."

"That's too bad. Why, I'm awfully sorry, Maida. Why don't you put on anything and come along--it's just the store folks, you know, and they won't mind."

"I was set on my purple," said Maida. "If I can't have it I won't go at all. Don't bother about me. Run along or you'll be late. You look awful nice in red."

At her window Maida sat through the long morning and past the time of the dinner at the store. In her mind she could hear the girls shrieking over a pull-bone, could hear old Bachman's roar over his own deeply-concealed jokes, could see the diamonds of fat Mrs. Bachman, who came to the store only on Thanksgiving days, could see Mr. Ramsay moving about, alert, kindly, looking to the comfort of all.

At four in the afternoon, with an expressionless face and a lifeless air she slowly made her way to Schlegel's shop and told him she could not pay the $4 due on the dress.

"Gott!" cried Schlegel, angrily. "For what do you look so glum? Take him away. He is ready. Pay me some time. Haf I not seen you pass mine shop every day in two years? If I make clothes is it that I do not know how to read beoples because? You will pay me some time when you can. Take him away. He is made goot; and if you look bretty in him all right. So. Pay me when you can."

Maida breathed a millionth part of the thanks in her heart, and hurried away with her dress. As she left the shop a smart dash of rain struck upon her face. She smiled and did not feel it.

Ladies who shop in carriages, you do not understand. Girls whose wardrobes are charged to the old man's account, you cannot begin to comprehend--you could not understand why Maida did not feel the cold dash of the Thanksgiving rain.

At five o'clock she went out upon the street wearing her purple dress. The rain had increased, and it beat down upon her in a steady, wind-blown pour. People were scurrying home and to cars with close-held umbrellas and tight buttoned raincoats. Many of them turned their heads to marvel at this beautiful, serene, happy-eyed girl in the purple dress walking through the storm as though she were strolling in a garden under summer skies.

I say you do not understand it, ladies of the full purse and varied wardrobe. You do not know what it is to live with a perpetual longing for pretty things--to starve eight months in order to bring a purple dress and a holiday together. What difference if it rained, hailed, blew, snowed, cycloned?

Maida had no umbrella nor overshoes. She had her purple dress and she walked abroad. Let the elements do their worst. A starved heart must have one crumb during a year. The rain ran down and dripped from her fingers.

Some one turned a corner and blocked her way. She looked up into Mr. Ramsay's eyes, sparkling with admiration and interest.

"Why, Miss Maida," said he, "you look simply magnificent in your new dress. I was greatly disappointed not to see you at our dinner. And of all the girls I ever knew, you show the greatest sense and intelligence. There is nothing more healthful and invigorating than braving the weather as you are doing. May I walk with you?"

And Maida blushed and sneezed.


Frequently Asked Questions

What is "The Purple Dress" by O. Henry about?

"The Purple Dress" tells the story of Maida, a shop girl at the Bee-Hive Store who saves for eight months to buy a tailor-made purple dress for her employer's annual Thanksgiving dinner. She hopes to impress Mr. Ramsay, the handsome head clerk. When her friend Grace faces eviction, Maida sacrifices her last four dollars to help—leaving her unable to pay the tailor. In a twist of generosity, the tailor Schlegel gives her the dress on credit, and Maida walks proudly through a rainstorm wearing it, only to encounter Mr. Ramsay, who admires both her appearance and her spirited independence.

What are the main themes of "The Purple Dress"?

The central themes of "The Purple Dress" include sacrifice and generosity, as Maida gives up her dress money to help a friend in need; friendship and loyalty, shown through Maida's selfless act despite her own desires; aspiration and dignity, reflected in a working girl's longing for something beautiful; and the balance of fate, the idea that good deeds are ultimately rewarded. O. Henry also explores the hardships of working-class women in early 20th-century New York, showing how even small luxuries require enormous sacrifice.

What does the purple dress symbolize in the story?

The purple dress functions as a powerful symbol on multiple levels. Purple has historically symbolized royalty, luxury, and status—qualities far removed from Maida's modest life as a shop clerk. Her desire for a purple dress represents her aspirations for dignity and elegance despite her poverty. The dress also symbolizes personal identity and self-worth; Maida insists on purple even when told red might be more fashionable, choosing what she loves over what others recommend. When she finally walks through the rain in her purple dress, it becomes a symbol of triumph over adversity.

Who are the main characters in "The Purple Dress"?

The story features several memorable characters. Maida is the protagonist—a shop girl with big brown eyes and cinnamon-colored hair who is thrifty, loyal, and quietly determined. Grace is her friend and rival, a more impulsive girl who prefers a red ready-made dress and spends her rent money on it. Mr. Ramsay is the head clerk at the Bee-Hive Store, a gentleman and health enthusiast whom all ten shop girls hope to marry. Old Bachman is the store proprietor who hosts the Thanksgiving dinner, and Schlegel is the kind tailor who ultimately gives Maida her dress on credit.

What is the twist ending in "The Purple Dress"?

O. Henry delivers his signature twist through a double reversal of fortune. First, when Maida sacrifices her money for Grace, it appears she has lost everything—her dress, the dinner, and her chance with Mr. Ramsay. But the tailor Schlegel unexpectedly gives her the dress on credit, recognizing her character from two years of watching her pass his shop. Then, instead of attending the party, Maida walks through a rainstorm in her new dress and encounters Mr. Ramsay on the street, who praises both her beauty and her health-conscious bravery in the rain—perfectly aligning with his eccentric beliefs about vigorous outdoor living.

How does "The Purple Dress" reflect O. Henry's portrayal of working women?

"The Purple Dress" is one of O. Henry's many stories depicting the struggles of young working women in turn-of-the-century New York City. Maida must save for eight months to afford an eighteen-dollar dress, illustrating how shop girls' wages barely covered rent and food, let alone small pleasures. The story shows how a single dress could represent months of sacrifice and self-denial. While O. Henry did not consider himself a social reformer, literary scholars note that his sympathetic portrayals of working women's lives had a significant influence on public attitudes toward labor conditions for women.

What is the significance of the Thanksgiving setting in "The Purple Dress"?

The Thanksgiving setting serves multiple purposes in the story. It provides a deadline that heightens the tension—Maida needs her dress finished by a specific date, and when she gives away her money the night before, the stakes feel urgent. Thanksgiving also reinforces the story's themes of gratitude and generosity; Maida's sacrifice echoes the holiday's spirit of giving. The employer Bachman's annual dinner is the one special occasion in the shop girls' working year, making Maida's decision to skip it all the more poignant. Finally, the holiday setting creates ironic contrast—a feast day on which the most generous character nearly goes without.

How does the rivalry between Maida and Grace drive the plot?

The rivalry between Maida and Grace creates the story's central tension and its moral complexity. Both women want to catch Mr. Ramsay's eye—Maida with a tailor-made purple dress, Grace with a ready-made red one. Grace represents impulsiveness and vanity, spending her money on the dress before paying rent, while Maida represents patience and responsibility. The irony deepens when Maida's selfless act of paying Grace's rent is what initially prevents her from getting her own dress. Yet this sacrifice ultimately leads to a better outcome: while Grace attends the dinner in her red dress, it is Maida who has the private encounter with Mr. Ramsay.

What role does the tailor Schlegel play in "The Purple Dress"?

Schlegel the tailor plays a small but pivotal role in the story's resolution. When Maida arrives unable to pay the remaining four dollars, Schlegel is initially angry but then insists she take the dress anyway, saying he has watched her pass his shop every day for two years and knows she will pay when she can. His generosity mirrors Maida's own—both give freely based on trust and character rather than financial calculation. Schlegel represents the chain of kindness at the story's heart: Maida helps Grace, Schlegel helps Maida, and fate rewards them all. O. Henry uses him to show that generosity exists at every economic level.

When was "The Purple Dress" written and where was it first published?

"The Purple Dress" was written by O. Henry (William Sydney Porter) and published in his 1907 collection The Trimmed Lamp and Other Stories of the Four Million. This collection focused specifically on the lives of ordinary New Yorkers—the "four million" everyday people as opposed to the "Four Hundred" elite of high society. The story was likely written around 1906 during the most prolific period of O. Henry's career, when he was producing a story nearly every week for The New York World and other publications.


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