What happens in Chapter 40 of Pride and Prejudice?

Elizabeth tells Jane about Darcy's proposal and her refusal, though she carefully suppresses every detail involving Jane's relationship with Bingley. She then shares the contents of Darcy's letter regarding Wickham's true character -- his wasted inheritance, dissolute life, and attempted elopement with Georgiana Darcy. Jane is shocked but tries to defend both men. The sisters ultimately decide not to expose Wickham publicly, reasoning that Darcy did not authorize the letter's disclosure and that the prejudice against Darcy in Meryton would make any defense of him futile. The chapter ends with Elizabeth observing Jane's continued unhappiness over Bingley and enduring Mrs. Bennet's gossip about the Collinses.

How does Jane react to the news about Wickham in Chapter 40?

Jane is deeply shocked. The narrator says she "would willingly have gone through the world without believing that so much wickedness existed in the whole race of mankind" as was revealed about Wickham. She earnestly tries to find excuses for both men, hoping to clear one without condemning the other. Elizabeth firmly tells her this is impossible: "Take your choice, but you must be satisfied with only one." Jane eventually accepts the truth but remains characteristically compassionate, suggesting Wickham may now be sorry for what he has done and anxious to reform.

Why do Elizabeth and Jane decide not to expose Wickham publicly?

They give several reasons: First, Darcy did not authorize his letter to be made public. Second, the details about Georgiana Darcy's near-elopement with Wickham were meant to remain private. Third, the general prejudice against Darcy in Meryton is so strong that no one would believe Elizabeth's defense of him -- it would be "the death of half the good people in Meryton" to try. Finally, Wickham will soon leave with the regiment, so his true character will eventually come to light on its own. Jane adds the charitable hope that exposing him might ruin him forever when he might yet reform.

What does Elizabeth mean by "one has got all the goodness, and the other all the appearance of it"?

This is one of the most important lines in the novel. Elizabeth is contrasting Darcy and Wickham: Darcy possesses genuine moral goodness -- integrity, responsibility, and generosity -- but lacks the charming, easy social manner that would make him appear good. Wickham, by contrast, has a pleasing countenance and gentlemanly manners that create the appearance of virtue while hiding his dishonesty, selfishness, and predatory behavior. The line encapsulates the novel's central theme about the danger of judging by appearances and the difference between true character and surface charm.

What secret does Elizabeth keep from Jane at the end of Chapter 40?

Elizabeth withholds the half of Darcy's letter concerning Bingley -- specifically, that Bingley had genuinely loved Jane and that Darcy and Bingley's sisters had conspired to separate them. Elizabeth feels she cannot share this without causing Jane more pain, and she believes that only "a perfect understanding between the parties" (meaning a reconciliation between Bingley and Jane) could justify revealing it. She reflects that if Bingley and Jane do eventually reunite, Bingley himself can explain matters "in a much more agreeable manner."

What does Mrs. Bennet say about Bingley and the Collinses at the end of Chapter 40?

In a comic scene, Mrs. Bennet declares she is "determined never to speak of" Bingley again, then immediately launches into a lengthy commentary about him: she calls him "a very undeserving young man," says there is no chance of Jane getting him now, and predicts Jane will "die of a broken heart." She then abruptly pivots to gossip about the Collinses' household, speculating about Charlotte's management and table-keeping, and bitterly noting that the Collinses must "often talk of having Longbourn when your father is dead" -- a reference to the entail that will pass the Bennet estate to Mr. Collins.

Chapter 40 Pride and Prejudice

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Elizabeth's impatience to acquaint Jane with what had happened could no longer be overcome; and at length, resolving to suppress every particular in which her sister was concerned, and preparing her to be surprised, she related to her the next morning the chief of the scene between Mr. Darcy and herself.

Miss Bennet's astonishment was soon lessened by the strong sisterly partiality which made any admiration of Elizabeth appear perfectly natural; and all surprise was shortly lost in other feelings. She was sorry that Mr. Darcy should have delivered his sentiments in a manner so little suited to recommend them; but still more was she grieved for the unhappiness which her sister's refusal must have given him.

"His being so sure of succeeding was wrong," said she, "and certainly ought not to have appeared; but consider how much it must increase his disappointment!"

"Indeed," replied Elizabeth, "I am heartily sorry for him; but he has other feelings, which will probably soon drive away his regard for me. You do not blame me, however, for refusing him?"

"Blame you! Oh, no."

"But you blame me for having spoken so warmly of Wickham?"

"No-- I do not know that you were wrong in saying what you did."

"But you will know it, when I tell you what happened the very next day."

She then spoke of the letter, repeating the whole of its contents as far as they concerned George Wickham. What a stroke was this for poor Jane! who would willingly have gone through the world without believing that so much wickedness existed in the whole race of mankind, as was here collected in one individual. Nor was Darcy's vindication, though grateful to her feelings,

capable of consoling her for such discovery. Most earnestly did she labour to prove the probability of error, and seek to clear the one without involving the other.

"This will not do," said Elizabeth; "you never will be able to make both of them good for anything. Take your choice, but you must be satisfied with only one. There is but such a quantity of merit between them; just enough to make one good sort of man; and of late it has been shifting about pretty much. For my part, I am inclined to believe it all Darcy's; but you shall do as you choose."

It was some time, however, before a smile could be extorted from Jane.

"I do not know when I have been more shocked," said she. "Wickham so very bad! It is almost past belief. And poor Mr. Darcy! Dear Lizzy, only consider what he must have suffered. Such a disappointment! and with the knowledge of your ill opinion, too! and having to relate such a thing of his sister! It is really too distressing. I am sure you must feel it so."

"Oh! no, my regret and compassion are all done away by seeing you so full of both. I know you will do him such ample justice, that I am growing every moment more unconcerned and indifferent. Your profusion makes me saving; and if you lament over him much longer, my heart will be as light as a feather."

"Poor Wickham! there is such an expression of goodness in his countenance! such an openness and gentleness in his manner!"

"There certainly was some great mismanagement in the education of those two young men. One has got all the goodness, and the other all the appearance of it."

"I never thought Mr. Darcy so deficient in the appearance of it as you used to do."

"And yet I meant to be uncommonly clever in taking so decided a dislike to him, without any reason. It is such a spur to one's genius, such an opening for wit, to have a dislike of that kind. One may be continually abusive without saying anything just; but one cannot always be laughing at a man without now and then stumbling on something witty."

"Lizzy, when you first read that letter, I am sure you could not treat the matter as you do now."

"Indeed, I could not. I was uncomfortable enough, I may say unhappy. And with no one to speak to about what I felt, no Jane to comfort me and say that I had not been so very weak and vain and nonsensical as I knew I had! Oh! how I wanted you!"

"How unfortunate that you should have used such very strong expressions in speaking of Wickham to Mr. Darcy, for now they do appear wholly undeserved."

"Certainly. But the misfortune of speaking with bitterness is a most natural consequence of the prejudices I had been encouraging. There is one point on which I want your advice. I want to be told whether I ought, or ought not, to make our acquaintances in general understand Wickham's character."

Miss Bennet paused a little, and then replied, "Surely there can be no occasion for exposing him so dreadfully. What is your opinion?"

"That it ought not to be attempted. Mr. Darcy has not authorised me to make his communication public. On the contrary, every particular relative to his sister was meant to be kept as much as possible to myself; and if I endeavour to undeceive people as to the rest of his conduct, who will believe me? The general prejudice against Mr. Darcy is so violent, that it would be the death of half the good people in Meryton to attempt to place him in an amiable light. I am not equal to it. Wickham will soon be gone; and therefore it will not signify to anyone here what he really is. Some time hence it will be all found out, and then we may laugh at their stupidity in not knowing it before. At present I will say nothing about it."

"You are quite right. To have his errors made public might ruin him for ever. He is now, perhaps, sorry for what he has done, and anxious to re-establish a character. We must not make him desperate."

The tumult of Elizabeth's mind was allayed by this conversation. She had got rid of two of the secrets which had weighed on her for a fortnight, and was certain of a willing listener in Jane, whenever she might wish to talk again of either. But there was still something lurking behind, of which prudence forbade the

disclosure. She dared not relate the other half of Mr. Darcy's letter, nor explain to her sister how sincerely she had been valued by her friend. Here was knowledge in which no one could partake; and she was sensible that nothing less than a perfect understanding between the parties could justify her in throwing off this last encumbrance of mystery. "And then," said she, "if that very improbable event should ever take place, I shall merely be able to tell what Bingley may tell in a much more agreeable manner himself. The liberty of communication cannot be mine till it has lost all its value!"

She was now, on being settled at home, at leisure to observe the real state of her sister's spirits. Jane was not happy. She still cherished a very tender affection for Bingley. Having never even fancied herself in love before, her regard had all the warmth of first attachment, and, from her age and disposition, greater steadiness than most first attachments often boast; and so fervently did she value his remembrance, and prefer him to every other man, that all her good sense, and all her attention to the feelings of her friends, were requisite to check the indulgence of those regrets which must have been injurious to her own health and their tranquillity.

"Well, Lizzy," said Mrs. Bennet one day, "what is your opinion now of this sad business of Jane's? For my part, I am determined never to speak of it again to anybody. I told my sister Phillips so the other day. But I cannot find out that Jane saw anything of him in London. Well, he is a very undeserving young man-- and I do not suppose there's the least chance in the world of her ever getting him now. There is no talk of his coming to Netherfield again in the summer; and I have inquired of everybody, too, who is likely to know."

"I do not believe he will ever live at Netherfield any more."

"Oh well! it is just as he chooses. Nobody wants him to come. Though I shall always say he used my daughter extremely ill; and if I was her, I would not have put up with it. Well, my comfort is, I am sure Jane will die of a broken heart; and then he will be sorry for what he has done."

But as Elizabeth could not receive comfort from any such expectation, she made no answer.

"Well, Lizzy," continued her mother, soon afterwards, "and so

the Collinses live very comfortable, do they? Well, well, I only hope it will last. And what sort of table do they keep? Charlotte is an excellent manager, I dare say. If she is half as sharp as her mother, she is saving enough. There is nothing extravagant in their housekeeping, I dare say."

"No, nothing at all."

"A great deal of good management, depend upon it. Yes, yes. They will take care not to outrun their income. They will never be distressed for money. Well, much good may it do them! And so, I suppose, they often talk of having Longbourn when your father is dead. They look upon it as quite their own, I dare say, whenever that happens."

"It was a subject which they could not mention before me."

"No; it would have been strange if they had; but I make no doubt they often talk of it between themselves. Well, if they can be easy with an estate that is not lawfully their own, so much the better. I should be ashamed of having one that was only entailed on me."