CHAPTER 46 Great Expectations


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EIGHT o'clock had struck before I got into the air that was scented, not disagreeably, by the chips and shavings of the long-shore boat- builders, and mast oar and block makers. All that water-side region of the upper and lower Pool below Bridge, was unknown ground to me, and when I struck down by the river, I found that the spot I wanted was not where I had supposed it to be, and was anything but easy to find. It was called Mill Pond Bank, Chinks's Basin; and I had no other guide to Chinks's Basin than the Old Green Copper Rope-Walk.

It matters not what stranded ships repairing in dry docks I lost myself among, what old hulls of ships in course of being knocked to pieces, what ooze and slime and other dregs of tide, what yards of ship-builders and ship-breakers, what rusty anchors blindly bit- ing into the ground though for years off duty, what mountainous country of accumulated casks and timber, how many rope-walks that were not the Old Green Copper. After several times falling short of my destination and as often over-shooting it, I came un- expectedly round a corner, upon Mill Pond Bank. It was a fresh kind of place, all circumstances considered, where the wind from the river had room to turn itself round; and there were two or three trees in it, and there was the stump of a ruined windmill, and there was the Old Green Copper Rope-Walk -- whose long and narrow vista I could trace in the moonlight, along a series of wooden frames set in the ground, that looked like superannuated haymaking-rakes which had grown old and lost most of their teeth.

Selecting from the few queer houses upon Mill Pond Bank, a house with a wooden front and three stories of bow-window (not bay-window, which is another thing), I looked at the plate upon the door, and read there, Mrs Whimple. That being the name I wanted, I knocked, and an elderly woman of a pleasant and thriving appearance responded. She was immediately deposed, however, by Herbert, who silently led me into the parlour and shut the door. It was an odd sensation to see his very familiar fuce established quite at home in that very unfamiliar room and region; and I found myself looking at him, much as I looked at the corner-cupboard with the glass and china, the shells upon the chimney-piece, and the coloured engravings on the wall, representing the death of Captain Cook, a ship-launch, and his Majesty King George the Third in a state-coachman's wig, leather-breeches, and top-boots, on the terrace at Windsor.

`All is well, Handel,' said Herbert, `and he is quite satisfied, though eager to see you. My dear girl is with her father; and if you'll wait till she comes down, I'll make you known to her, and then we'll go up-stairs. -- That's her father.'

I had become aware of an alarming growling overhead, and had probably expressed the fact in my countenance.

`I am afraid he is a sad old rascal,' said Herbert, smiling, `but I have never seen him. Don't you smell tum? He is always at it.'

`At rum?' said I.

`Yes,' returned Herbert, `and you may suppose how mild it makes his gout. He persists, too, in keeping all the provisions up- stairs in his room, and serving them out. He keeps them on shelves over his head, and will weigh them all. His room must be like a chandler's shop.'

While he thus spoke, the growling noise became a prolonged roar, and then died away.

`What else can be the consequence,' said Herbert, in explana- tion, `if he will cut the cheese? A man with the gout in his right hand -- and everywhere else -- can't expect to get through a Double Gloucester without hurting himself.'

He seemed to have hurt himself very much, for he gave another furious roar.

`To have Provis for an upper lodger is quite a godsend to Mrs Whimple,' said Herbert, `for of course people in general won't stand that noise. A curious place, Handel; isn't it?'

It was a curious place, indeed; but remarkably well kept and clean.

`Mrs Whimple,' said Herbert, when I told him so, `is the best of housewives, and I really do not know what my Clara would do without her motherly help. For, Clara has no mother of her own, Handel, and no relation in the world but old Gruffandgrim.'

`Surely that's not his name, Herbert?'

`No, no,' said Herbert, `that's my name for him. His name is Mr Barley. But what a blessing it is for the son of my father and mother, to love a girl who has no relations, and who can never bother herself, or anybody else, about her family !'

Herbert had told me on former occasions, and now reminded me, that he first knew Miss Clara Barley when she was completing her education at an establishment at Hammersmith, and that on her being recalled home to nurse her father, he and she had confided their affection to the motherly Mrs Whimple, by whom it had been fostered and regulated with equal kindness and discretion, ever since. It was understood that nothing of a tender nature could possibly be confided to old Barley, by reason of his being totally unequal to the consideration of any subject more psychological than Gout, Rum, and Purser's stores.

As we were thus conversing in a low tone while Old Barley's sus- tained growl vibrated in the beam that crossed the ceiling, the room door opened, and a very pretty' slight dark-eyed girl of twenty or so, came in with a basket in her hand: whom Herbert tenderly re- lieved of the basket, and presented blushing, as `Clara.' She really was a most charming girl, and might have passed for a captive fairy, whom that truculent Ogre, Old Barley, had pressed into his service.

`Look here,' said Herbert, showing me the basket, with a com- passionate and tender smile after we had talked a little; `here's poor Clara's supper, served out every night. Here's her allowance of bread, and here's her slice of cheese, and here's her rum -- which I drink. This is Mr Barley's breakfast for to-morrow, served out to be cooked. Two mutton chops, three potatoes, some split peas, a little flour, two ounces of butter, a pinch of salt, and all this black pepper. It's stewed up together, and taken hot, and it's a nice thing for the gout, I should think!'

There was something so natural and winning in Clara's resigned way of looking at these stores in detail, as Herbert pointed them out, -- and something so confiding, loving, and innocent, in her modest manner of yielding herself to Herbert's embracing arm -- and something so gentle in her, so much needing protection on Mill Pond Bank, by Chinks's Basin, and the Old Green Copper Rope-Walk, with Old Barley growling in the beam -- that I would not have undone the engagement between her and Herbert, for all the money in the pocket-book I had never opened.

I was looking at her with pleasure and admiration, when sud- denly the growl swelled into a roar again, and a frightful bumping noise was heard above, as if a giant with a wooden leg were trying to bore it through the ceiling to come at us. Upon this Clara said to Herbert, `Papa wants me, darling!' and ran away.

`There is an unconscionable old shark for you!' said Herbert. `What do you suppose he wants now, Handel?'

`I don't know,' said I. `Something to drink?'

`That's it!' cried Herbert, as if I had made a guess of extra- ordinary merit. `He keeps his grog ready-mixed in a little tub on the table. Wait a moment, and you'll hear Clara lift him up to take some. -- There he goes!' Another roar, with a prolonged shake at the end. `Now,' said Herbert, as it was succeeded by silence, `he's drinking. Now,' said Herbert, as the growl resounded in the beam once more, `he's down again on his back!'

Clara returned soon afterwards, and Herbert accompanied me up-stairs to see our charge. As we passed Mr Barley's door, he was heard hoarsely muttering within, in a strain that rose and fell like wind, the following Refrain; in which I substitute good wishes for something quite the reverse.

`Ahoy! Bless your eyes, here's old Bill Barley. Here's old Bill Barley, bless your eyes. Here's old Bill Barley on the flat of his back, by the Lord. Lying on the flat of his back, like a drifting old dead flounder, here's your old Bill Barley, bless your eyes. Ahoy! Bless you.'

In this strain of consolation, Herbert informed me the invisible Barley would commune with himself by the day and night to- gether; often while it was light, having, at the same time, one eye at a telescope which was fitted on his bed for the convenience of sweeping the river.

In his two cabin rooms at the top of the house, which were fresh and airy, and in which Mr Barley was less audible than below, I found Provis comfortably settled. He expressed no alarm, and seemed to feel none that was worth mentioning; but it struck me that he was softened -- indefinably, for I could not have said how, and could never afterwards recall how when I tried; but certainly.

The opportunity that the day's rest had given me for reflection, had resulted in my fully determining to say nothing to him respect- ing Compeyson. For anything I knew, his animosity towards the man might otherwise lead to his seeking him out and rushing on his own destruction. Therefore, when Herbert and I sat down with him by his fire, I asked him first of all whether he relied on Wem- mick's judgment and sources of information ?

`Ay, ay, dear boy!' he answered, with a grave nod, `Jaggers knows.'

`Then, I have talked with Wemmick,' said I, `and have come to tell you what caution lie gave me and what advice.'

This I did accurately, with the reservation just mentioned; and I told him how Wemmick had heard, in Newgate prison (whether from officers or prisoners I could not say), that he was under some suspicion, and that my chambers had been watched; how Wem- mick had recommended his keeping close for a time, and my keep- ing away from him; and what Wemmick had said about getting him abroad. I added, that of course, when the time came, I should go with him, or should follow close upon him, as might be safest in Wemmick's judgment. What was to follow that, I did not touch upon; neither indeed was I at all clear or comfortable about it in my own mind, now that I saw him in that softer condition, and in declared peril for my sake. As to altering my way of living, by enlarging my expenses, I put it to him whether in our present un- settled and difficult circumstances, it would not be simply ridiculous, if it were no worse?

He could not deny this, and indeed was very reasonable through- out. His coming back was a venture, he said, and he had always known it to be a venture. He would do nothing to make it a des- perate venture, and he had very little fear of his safety with such good help.

Herbert, who had been looking at the fire and pondering, here said that something had come into his thoughts arising out of Wemmick's suggestion, which it might be worth while to pursue. `We are both good watermen, Handel, and could take him down the river ourselves when the right time comes. No boat would then be hired for the purpose, and no boatmen; that would save at least a chance of suspicion, and any chance is worth saving. Never mind the season; don't you think it might be a good thing if you began at once to keep a boat at the Temple stairs, and were in the habit of rowing up and down the river? You fall into that habit, and then who notices or minds? Do it twenty or fifty times, and there is nothing special in your doing it the twenty-first or fifty-first.'

I liked this scheme, and Provis was quite elated by it. We agreed that it should be carried into execution, and that Provis should never recognize us if we came below Bridge and rowed past Mill Pond Bank. But, we further agreed that he should pull down the blind in that part of his window which gave upon the east, when- ever he saw us and all was right.

Our conference being now ended, and everything arranged, I rose to go; remarking to Herbert that he and I had better not go home together, and that I would take half an hour's start of him. `I don't like to leave you here,' I said to Provis, `though I cannot doubt your being safer here than near me. Good-bye!'

`Dear boy,' he answered, clasping my hands, `I don't know when we may meet again, and I don't like Good-bye. Say Good Night!'

`Good night! Herbert will go regularly between us, and when the time comes you may be certain I shall be ready. Good night, Good night!'

We thought it best that he should stay in his own rooms, and we left him on the landing outside his door, holding a light over the stair-rail to light us down stairs. Looking back at him, I thought of the first night of his return when our positions were reversed, and when I little supposed my heart could ever be as heavy and anxious at parting from him as it was now.

Old Barley was growling and swearing when we repassed his door, with no appearance of having ceased or of meaning to cease. When we got to the foot of the stairs, I asked Herbert whether he had preserved the name of Provis. He replied, certainly not, and that the lodger was Mr Campbell. He also explained that the utmost known of Mr Campbell there, was, that he (Herbert) had Mr Campbell consigned to him, and felt a strong personal interest in his being well cared for, and living a secluded life. So, when we went into the parlour where Mrs Whimple and Clara were seated at work, I said nothing of my own interest in Mr Campbell, but kept it to myself.

When I had taken leave of the pretty gentle dark-eyed girl, and of the motherly woman who had not outlived her honest sympathy with a little affair of true love, I felt as if the Old Green Copper Rope-Walk had grown quite a different place. Old Barley might be as old as the hills, and might swear like a whole field of troopers, but there were redeeming youth and trust and hope enough in Chinks's Basin to fill it to overflowing. And then I thought of Estella, and of our parting, and went home very sadly.

All things were as quiet in the Temple as ever I had seen them. The windows of the rooms of that side, lately occupied by Provis, were dark and still, and there was no lounger in Garden-court. I walked past the fountain twice or thrice before I descended the steps that were between me and my rooms, but I was quite alone. Herbert coming to my bedside when he came in -- for I went straight to bed, dispirited and futigued -- made the same report. Opening one of the windows after that, he looked out into the moonlight, and told me that the pavement was as solemnly empty as the pave- ment of any Cathedral at that same hour.

Next day, I set myself to get the boat. It was soon done, and the boat was brought round to the Temple stairs, and lay where I could reach her within a minute or two. Then, I began to go out as for training and practice: sometimes alone, sometimes with Herbert. I was often out in cold, min, and sleet, but nobody took much note of me after I had been out a few times. At first, I kept above Black- friars Bridge; but as the hours of the tide changed, I took towards London Bridge. It was Old London Bridge in those days, and at certain states of the tide there was a race and a fall of water there which gave it a bad reputation. But I knew well enough how to `shoot' the bridge after seeing it done, and so began to row about among the shipping in the Pool, and down to Erith. The first time I passed Mill Pond Bank, Herbert and I were pulling a pair of oars; and, both in going and returning, we saw the blind towards the east come down. Herbert was rarely there less frequently than three times in a week, and he never brought me a single word of intelli- gence that was at all alarming. Still, I knew that there was cause for alarm, and I could not get rid of the notion of being watched. Once received, it is a haunting idea; how many undesigning persons I suspected of watching me, it would be hard to calculate.

In short, I was always full of fears for the rash man who was in hiding. Herbert had sometimes said to me that he found it pleasant to stand at one of our windows after dark, when the tide was running down, and to think that it was flowing, with everything it bore, towards Clara. But I thought with dread that it was flowing towards Magwitch, and that any black mark on its surface might be his pursuers, going swiftly, silently, and surely, to take him.

Frequently Asked Questions about CHAPTER 46 from Great Expectations

What happens in Chapter 46 of Great Expectations?

In Chapter 46, Pip travels to Mill Pond Bank at Chinks's Basin to visit Magwitch, who is hiding under the alias "Mr Campbell" in lodgings at Mrs Whimple's house. Herbert introduces Pip to his fiancée, Clara Barley, and Pip observes the comic tyranny of her bedridden father, Old Bill Barley. Upstairs, Pip relays Wemmick's warnings that Magwitch is under suspicion and his chambers have been watched. Herbert devises a plan for Pip to begin rowing regularly on the Thames so that, when the time comes, they can smuggle Magwitch downriver to a foreign ship without arousing suspicion. Pip begins this routine immediately, but he remains haunted by the fear that he is being watched.

Why does Pip keep the information about Compeyson from Magwitch in Chapter 46?

Pip deliberately withholds the news that Compeyson is in London because he fears Magwitch's deep-seated hatred for his former criminal partner would drive him to seek Compeyson out. Pip reasons that if Magwitch learned Compeyson was nearby, his animosity might lead him to "rush on his own destruction" — abandoning the safety of his hiding place to pursue a personal vendetta. By keeping silent, Pip prioritizes Magwitch's survival over full transparency, showing how much his feelings toward his benefactor have evolved from revulsion to genuine protective concern.

Who is Clara Barley in Great Expectations?

Clara Barley is Herbert Pocket's fiancée, introduced to Pip for the first time in Chapter 46. She is described as a "very pretty, slight, dark-eyed girl of twenty or so" who lives at Mill Pond Bank caring for her invalid father. Dickens portrays her as gentle, loving, and quietly resilient — Pip compares her to "a captive fairy" pressed into service by the ogre-like Old Barley. Clara's modest, unaffected nature contrasts sharply with Estella's cold beauty, reinforcing the novel's exploration of what constitutes genuine worth in a partner. Her lack of family connections is something Herbert considers a blessing rather than a social disadvantage.

What is the significance of Old Barley in Chapter 46 of Great Expectations?

Old Bill Barley serves multiple purposes in Chapter 46. On the surface, he provides comic relief — his furious growling, cheese-cutting mishaps, and profane self-addressed sea-shanty lighten the tension of the escape plot. More significantly, his character functions as a foil to Magwitch. While both men are rough and socially marginal, Old Barley is selfish, tyrannical, and consumed by gout and rum, whereas Magwitch displays quiet dignity, gratitude, and genuine affection for Pip. This contrast reinforces Dickens's theme that moral worth is independent of social class or outward respectability.

What is Herbert's escape plan for Magwitch in Chapter 46?

Herbert proposes that Pip purchase a boat and begin rowing regularly on the Thames, establishing a visible routine so that no one thinks twice about his presence on the river. Since both Pip and Herbert are competent watermen, they can eventually row Magwitch downriver themselves to meet a foreign-bound ship — eliminating the need to hire a boatman who might betray them. They agree on a signal system: Magwitch will pull down the east-facing window blind at Mill Pond Bank whenever he sees them pass and all is well. This plan reflects Herbert's practical intelligence and foreshadows the eventual escape attempt that becomes central to the novel's climax.

How does Pip's attitude toward Magwitch change in Chapter 46?

Chapter 46 marks a decisive turning point in Pip's feelings toward Magwitch. Earlier in the novel, Pip was repulsed by the revelation that a convict — not Miss Havisham — was his benefactor. Now, finding Magwitch "softened" and in "declared peril" for his sake, Pip feels his heart grow "heavy and anxious at parting from him." The tenderness of their farewell, in which Magwitch asks Pip to say "Good night" rather than "Good-bye," underscores the genuine emotional bond that has formed between them. Pip even volunteers to accompany Magwitch abroad, a commitment that would mean abandoning his life in London entirely.

 

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