CHAPTER 59 Great Expectations


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FOR eleven years, I had not seen Joe nor Biddy with my bodily eyes -- though they had both been often before my fancy in the k, I laid my hand softly on the latch of the old kitchen door. I touched it so softly that I was not heard, and looked in unseen. There, smoking his pipe in the old place by the kitchen firelight, as hale and as strong as ever though a little grey, sat Joe; and there, fenced into the corner with Joe's leg, and sitting on my own little stool looki ng at the fire, was -- I again!

`We giv' him the name of Pip for your sake, dear old chap,' said Joe, delighted when I took another stool by the child's side (but I did not rumple his hair), `and we hoped he might grow a little bit like you, and we think he do.'

I thought so too, and I took him out for a walk next morning, and we talked immensely, understanding one another to perfection. And I took him down to the churchyard, and set him on a certain tombstone there, and he showed me from that elevation which stone was sacred to the memory of Philip Pirrip, late of this Parish, and Also Georgiana, Wife of the Above.

`Biddy,' said I, when I talked with her after dinner, as her little girl lay sleeping in her lap, `you must give Pip to me, one of these days; or lend him, at all events.'

`No, no,' said Biddy, gently. `You must marry.'

`So Herbert and Clara say, but I don't think I shall, Biddy. I have so settled down in their home, that it's not at all likely. I am already quite an old bachelor.'

Biddy looked down at her child, and put its little hand to her lips, and then put the good matronly hand with which she had touched it, into mine. There was something in the action and in the light pressure of Biddy's wedding-ring, that had a very pretty eloquence in it.

`Dear Pip,' said Biddy, `you are sure you don't fret for her?'

`O no -- I think not, Biddy.'

`Tell me as an old, old friend. Have you quite forgotten her ?'

`My dear Biddy, I have forgotten nothing in my life that ever had a foremost place there, and little that ever had any place there. But that poor dream, as I once used to call it, has all gone by, Biddy, all gone by!'

Nevertheless, I knew while I said those words, that I secretly intended to revisit the site of the old house that evening, alone, for her sake. Yes even so. For Estella's sake.

I had heard of her as leading a most unhappy life, and as being separated from her husband, who had used her with great cruelty, and who had become quite renowned as a compound of pride, avarice, brutality, and meanness. And I had heard of the death of her husband, from an accident consequent on his ill-treatment of a horse. This release had befallen her some two years before; for anything I knew, she was married again.

The early dinner-hour at Joe's, left me abundance of time, with- out hurrying my talk with Biddy, to walk over to the old spot be- fore dark. But, what with loitering on the way, to look at old ob- jects and to think of old times, the day had quite declined when I came to the place.

There was no house now, no brewery, no building whatever left, but the wall of the old garden. The cleared space had been en- closed with a rough fence, and, looking over it, I saw that some of the old ivy had struck root anew, and was growing green on low quiet mounds of ruin. A gate in the fence standing ajar, I pushed it open, and went in.

A cold silvery mist had veiled the afternoon, and the moon was not yet up to scatter it. But, the stars were shining beyond the mist, and the moon was coming, and the evening was not dark. I could trace out where every part of the old house had been, and where the brewery had been, and where the gates, and where the casks. I had done so, and was looking along the desolate garden- walk, when I beheld a solitary figure in it.

The figure showed itself aware of me, as I advanced. It had been moving towards me, but it stood still. As I drew nearer, I saw it to be the figure of a woman. As I drew nearer yet, it was about to turn away, when it stopped, and let me come up with it. Then, it fal- tered as if much surprised, and uttered my name, and I cried out:

`Estella!'

`I am greatly changed. I wonder you know me.'

The freshness of her beauty was indeed gone, but its indescrib- able majesty and its indescribable charm remained. Those attrac- tions in it, I had seen before; what I had never seen before, was the saddened softened light of the once proud eyes; what I had never felt before, was the friendly touch of the once insensible hand.

We sat down on a bench that was near, and I said, `After so many years, it is strange that we should thus meet again, Estella, here where our first meeting was! Do you often come back?'

`I have never been here since.'

`NorI.'

The moon began to rise, and I thought of the placid look at the white ceiling, which had passed away. The moon began to rise, and I thought of the pressure on my hand when I had spoken the last words he had heard on earth.

Estella was the next to break the silence that ensued between us.

`I have very often hoped and intended to come back, but have been prevented by many circumstances. Poor, poor old place!'

The silvery mist was touched with the first rays of the moon- light, and the same rays touched the tears that dropped from her eyes. Not knowing that I saw them, and setting herself to get the better of them, she said quietly:

`Were you wondering, as you walked along, how it came to be left in this condition?'

`Yes, Estella.'

`The ground belongs to me. It is the only possession I have not relinquished. Everything else has gone from me, little by little, but I have kept this. It was the subject of the only determined resistance I made in all the wretched years.'

`Is it to be built on?'

`At last it is. I came here to take leave of it before its change. And you,' she said, in a voice of touching interest to a wanderer, `you live abroad still?'

`Still.'

`And do well, I am sure?'

`I work pretty hard for a sufficient living, and therefore -- Yes, I do well.'

`I have often thought of you,' said Estella.

`Have you?'

`Of late, very often. There was a long hard time when I kept far from me, the remembrance of what I had thrown away when I was quite ignorant of its worth. But, since my duty has not been in- compatible with the admission of that remembrance, I have given it a place in my heart.'

`You have always held your place in my heart,' I answered.

And we were silent again, until she spoke.

`I little thought,' said Estella, `that I should take leave of you in taking leave of this spot. I am very glad to do so.'

`Glad to part again, Estella? To me, parting is a painful thing. To me, the remembrance of our last parting has been ever mourn- ful and painful.'

`But you said to me,' returned Estella, very earnestly, ```God bless you, God forgive you!'' And if you could say that to me then, you will not hesitate to say that to me now -- now, when suffering has been stronger than all other teaching, and has taught me to understand what your heart used to be. I have been bent and broken, but -- I hope -- into a better shape. Be as considerate and good to me as you were, and tell me we are friends.'

`We are friends,' said I, rising and bending over her, as she rose from the bench.

`And will continue friends apart,' said Estella.

I took her hand in mine, and we went out of the ruined place; and, as the morning mists had risen long ago when I first left the forge, so, the evening mists were rising now, and in all the broad expanse of tranquil light they showed to me, I saw no shadow of another parting from her.

Frequently Asked Questions about CHAPTER 59 from Great Expectations

What happens in Chapter 59 of Great Expectations?

Chapter 59 takes place eleven years after the main events of the novel. Pip returns to the forge and finds Joe and Biddy happily married with a young son they have named Pip. After assuring Biddy he no longer pines for Estella, Pip secretly visits the ruins of Satis House at twilight. There he encounters Estella, who has come to say goodbye to the ground — the only possession she kept through her unhappy marriage. They sit together in the moonlit garden, acknowledge what they have each lost and learned, and walk out of the ruined place hand in hand. Dickens closes the novel with the famously ambiguous line: "I saw no shadow of another parting from her."

How has Estella changed in the final chapter of Great Expectations?

Estella has undergone a profound transformation by Chapter 59. The proud, cold young woman trained by Miss Havisham to break men's hearts has been replaced by a figure with "saddened softened light" in her once proud eyes and a "friendly touch" in her once insensible hand. Her years of suffering in an abusive marriage to Bentley Drummle have taught her empathy and humility. She tells Pip that suffering "has been stronger than all other teaching" and has taught her "to understand what your heart used to be." She openly acknowledges having thrown away something of great worth and asks Pip to confirm they are friends — a level of emotional vulnerability she was incapable of earlier in the novel.

What is the significance of the mist in the ending of Great Expectations?

The mist is a framing symbol that connects the novel's beginning and end. When young Pip first left the forge for London, morning mists were rising over the marshes. In the final paragraph of Chapter 59, evening mists rise as Pip and Estella leave the ruins of Satis House together. This deliberate parallel suggests a cycle of departure and return — Pip's journey from innocence through disillusionment and back to emotional clarity. The mists also carry an element of ambiguity: they partially veil the landscape, just as the ending itself veils whether Pip and Estella will be romantically united or simply part as reconciled friends.

Does Pip end up with Estella at the end of Great Expectations?

The ending is deliberately ambiguous. Pip's final words — "I saw no shadow of another parting from her" — can be read as either a romantic reunion or simply the peaceful end of painful separations. Dickens originally wrote a bleaker ending in which Pip and Estella meet briefly on a London street and part forever, but he revised it at the urging of his friend Edward Bulwer-Lytton. The revised ending hints at hope without providing an explicit "happily ever after," leaving readers and scholars to debate Dickens's true intent. Most literary critics agree the ambiguity is deliberate, reflecting the novel's larger theme that life rarely delivers the neat resolutions we expect.

What does the ruined Satis House symbolize in Chapter 59?

Satis House, once the monument to Miss Havisham's frozen grief and her campaign of revenge, has been demolished by Chapter 59 — only the garden wall remains. The destruction symbolizes the dismantling of the illusions and manipulations that shaped both Pip's and Estella's lives. Yet Dickens introduces a note of hope: "some of the old ivy had struck root anew, and was growing green on low quiet mounds of ruin." This new growth on old ruins suggests that genuine feeling can emerge from the wreckage of false expectations. It is fitting that Pip and Estella's honest reunion takes place here, in a space stripped of its former pretensions.

Why did Dickens change the ending of Great Expectations?

Dickens changed the ending at the suggestion of his friend, the novelist Edward Bulwer-Lytton, who read the original manuscript and felt the conclusion was too unhappy. In the original ending, Pip meets Estella briefly on a London street; she has remarried a Shropshire doctor, and they part with no hint of reunion. Bulwer-Lytton argued that readers would expect a more hopeful resolution after following Pip's long journey. Dickens agreed and wrote the revised garden scene at Satis House, though he preserved enough ambiguity that the "happy" ending remains open to interpretation. Both endings have been published, and literary debate over which is superior continues to this day.

What role do Joe and Biddy play in the final chapter of Great Expectations?

Joe and Biddy represent stability, genuine love, and moral constancy in Chapter 59. They have married and are raising a son they named Pip — a gesture of forgiveness and affection toward the protagonist who once treated them poorly. Joe sits "hale and as strong as ever" by the kitchen fire, an image of unchanging decency. Biddy, now a "good matronly" figure, gently probes whether Pip still yearns for Estella and urges him to marry. Their household serves as the emotional anchor of the chapter, contrasting the ruined Satis House: where Miss Havisham's world produced only suffering, Joe and Biddy's home has produced new life and warmth.

What is the theme of Great Expectations Chapter 59?

Chapter 59 brings together several of the novel's major themes in resolution. Redemption through suffering is the dominant note: Estella tells Pip she has been "bent and broken, but — I hope — into a better shape," while Pip himself has traded false ambitions for honest work. The futility of social ambition is confirmed — Pip's "great expectations" of wealth and status have vanished, yet he is more at peace than he ever was as a gentleman. Forgiveness and reconciliation appear in both the domestic scene at the forge and the moonlit reunion at Satis House. Finally, the theme of self-knowledge reaches its culmination: both Pip and Estella now understand what they once were and what they have become.

 

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