From Each According to His Ability
by O. Henry
Vuyning left his club, cursing it softly, without any particular anger. From ten in the morning un- til eleven it had bored him immeasurably. Kirk with his fish story, Brooks with his Porto Rico cigars, old Morrison with his anecdote about the widow, Hep- burn with his invariable luck at billiards -- all these afflictions had been repeated without change of bill or scenery. Besides these morning evils Miss Allison had refused him again on the night before. But that was a chronic trouble. Five times she had laughed at his offer to make her Mrs. Vuyning. He intended to ask her again the next Wednesday evening.
Vuyning walked along Forty-fourth Street to Broadway, and then drifted down the great sluice that washes out the dust of the gold-mines of Gotham. He wore a morning suit of light gray, low, dull kid shoes, a plain, finely woven straw hat, and his visible linen was the most delicate possible shade of belio- trope. His necktie was the blue-gray of a Novem- ber sky, and its knot was plainly the outcome of a lordly carelessness combined with an accurate con- ception of the most recent dictum of fashion.
Now, to write of a man's haberdashery is a worse thing than to write a historical novel "around" Paul Jones, or to pen a testimonial to a hay-fever cure.
Therefore, let it be known that the description of Vuyning's apparel is germane to the movements of the story, and not to make room for the new fall stock of goods.
Even Broadway that morning was a discord in Vuyning's ears; and in his eyes it paralleled for a few dreamy, dreary minutes a certain howling, scorching, seething, malodorous slice of street that he remembered in Morocco. He saw the struggling mass of dogs, beggars, fakirs, slave-drivers and veiled women in carts without horses, the sun blazing brightly among the bazaars, the piles of rubbish from ruined temples in the street - and then a lady, passing, jabbed the ferrule of a parasol in his side and brought him back to Broadway.
Five minutes of his stroll brought him to a certain corner, where a number of silent, pale-faced men are accustomed to stand, immovably, for hours, busy with the file blades of their penknives, with their hat brims on a level with their eyelids. Wall Street speculators, driving home in their carriages, love to point out these men to their visiting friends and tell them of this rather famous lounging-place of the "crooks." On Wall Street the speculators never use the file blades of their knives.
Vuyning was delighted when one of this company stepped forth and addressed him as he was passing. He was hungry for something out of the ordinary, and to be accosted by this smooth-faced, keen-eyed, low-voiced, athletic member of the under world, with his grim, yet pleasant smile, had all the taste of an adventure to the convention-weary Vuyning.
"Excuse me, friend," said be. "Could I have a few minutes' talk with you -- on the level?"
"Certainly," said Vuyning, with a smile. "But, suppose we step aside to a quieter place. There is a divan -- a cafe over here that will do. Schrumm will give us a private corner."
Schrumm established them under a growing palm, with two seidls between them. Vuyning made a pleasant reference to meteorological conditions, thus forming a binge upon which might be swung the door leading from the thought repository of the other.
"In the first place," said his companion, with the air of one who presents his credentials, "I want you to understand that I am a crook. Out West I am known as Rowdy the Dude. Pickpocket, supper man, second-story man, yeggman, boxman, all-round bur- glar, cardsharp and slickest con man west of the Twenty-third Street ferry landing -- that's my his- tory. That's to show I'm on the square -- with you. My name's Emerson."
"Confound old Kirk with his fish stories" said Vuyning to himself, with silent glee as he went through his pockets for a card. "It's pronounced 'Vining,'" he said, as he tossed it over to the other. "And I'll be as frank with you. I'm just a kind of a loafer, I guess, living on my daddy's money. At the club they call me 'Left-at-the-Post.' I never did a day's work in my life; and I haven't the heart to run over a chicken when I'm motoring. It's a pretty shabby record, altogether."
"There's one thing you can do," said Emerson, admiringly; "you can carry duds. I've watched you several times pass on Broadway. You look the best dressed man I've seen. And I'll bet you a gold mine I've got $50 worth more gent's furnishings on my frame than you have. That's what I wanted to see you about. I can't do the trick. Take a look at me. What's wrong?"
"Stand up," said Vuyning.
Emerson arose, and slowly revolved.
"You've been 'outfitted,'" declared the clubman. "Some Broadway window-dresser has misused you."
"That's an expensive suit, though, Emerson."
"A hundred dollars," said Emerson.
"Twenty too much," said Vuyning. "Six months old in cut, one inch too long, and half an inch to- much lapel. Your hat is plainly dated one year ago, although there's only a sixteenth of an inch lacking in the brim to tell the story. That English poke in your collar is too short by the distance between Troy and London. A plain gold link cuff-button would take all the shine out of those pearl ones with dia- mond settings. Those tan shoes would be exactly the articles to work into the heart of a Brooklyn school-ma'am on a two weeks' visit to Lake Ronkon- koma. I think I caught a glimpse of a blue silk sock embroidered with russet lilies of the valley when you -- improperly -- drew up your trousers as you sat down. There are always plain ones to be had in the stores. Have I hurt your feelings, Emer- son?"
"Double the ante!" cried the criticised one, greed- ily. "Give me more of it. There's a way to tote the haberdashery, and I want to get wise to it. Say, you're the right kind of a swell. Anything else to the queer about me?"
"Your tie," said Vuyning, "is tied with absolute precision and correctness."
"Thanks," gratefully -- "I spent over half an hour at it before I -- "
"Thereby," interrupted Vuyning, "completing your resemblance to a dummy in a Broadway store window."
"Yours truly," said Emerson, sitting down again.
"It's bully of you to put me wise. I knew there was something wrong, but I couldn't just put my finger on it. I guess it comes by nature to know how to wear clothes."
"Oh, I suppose," said Vuyning, with a laugh, "that my ancestors picked up the knack while they were peddling clothes from house to house a couple of hundred years ago. I'm told they did that."
"And mine," said Emerson, cheerfully, "were making their visits at night, I guess, and didn't have a chance to catch on to the correct styles."
"I tell you what," said Vuyning, whose ennui had taken wings, "I'll take you to my tailor. He'll eliminate the mark of the beast from your exterior. That is, if you care to go any further in the way of expense."
"Play 'em to the ceiling," said Emerson, with a boyish smile of joy. "I've got a roll as big around as a barrel of black-eyed peas and as loose as the wrapper of a two-for-fiver. I don't mind telling you that I was not touring among the Antipodes when the burglar-proof safe of the Farmers' National Bank of Butterville, Ia., flew open some moonless nights ago to the tune of $16,000."
"Aren't you afraid," asked Vuyning, "that I'll call a cop and hand you over?"
"You tell me," said Emerson, coolly, "why I didn't keep them."
He laid Vuyning's pocketbook and watch -- the Vuyning 100-year-old family watch on the table.
"Man," said Vuyning, revelling, "did you ever hear the tale Kirk tells about the six-pound trout and the old fisherman?"
"Seems not," said Emerson, politely. "I'd like to."
"But you won't," said Vuyning. "I've heard it scores of times. That's why I won't tell you. I was just thinking how much better this is than a club. Now, shall we go to my tailor?"
"Boys, and elderly gents," said Vuyning, five days later at his club, standing up against the window where his coterie was gathered, and keeping out the breeze, "a friend of mine from the West will dine at our table this evening."
"Will he ask if we have heard the latest from Denver?" said a member, squirming in his chair.
"Will he mention the new twenty-three-story Ma- sonic Temple, in Quincy, Ill.?" inquired another, dropping his nose-glasses.
"Will he spring one of those Western Mississippi River catfish stories, in which they use yearling calves for bait?" demanded Kirk, fiercely.
"Be comforted," said Vuyning. "He has none of the little vices. He is a burglar and safe-blower, and a pal of mine."
"Oh, Mary Ann!" said they. "Must you always adorn every statement with your alleged humor?"
It came to pass that at eight in the evening a calm, smooth, brilliant, affable man sat at Vuyning's right hand during dinner. And when the ones who pass their lives in city streets spoke of skyscrapers or of the little Czar on his far, frozen throne, or of insig- nificant fish from inconsequential streams, this big, deep-chested man, faultlessly clothed, and eyed like an Emperor, disposed of their Lilliputian chatter with a wink of his eyelash.
And then he painted for them with hard, broad strokes a marvellous lingual panorama of the West. He stacked snow-topped mountains on the table, freezing the hot dishes of the waiting diners. With a wave of his hand he swept the clubhouse into a pine-crowned gorge, turning the waiters into a grim posse, and each listener into a blood-stained fugitive, climbing with torn fingers upon the ensanguined rocks. He touched the table and spake, and the five panted as they gazed on barren lava beds, and each man took his tongue between his teeth and felt his mouth bake at the tale of a land empty of water and food. As simply as Homer sang, while he dug a tine of his fork leisurely into the tablecloth, he opened a new world to their view, as does one who tells a child of the Looking-Glass Country.
As one of his listeners might have spoken of tea too strong at a Madison Square "afternoon," so he depicted the ravages of redeye in a border town when the caballeros of the lariat and "forty-five" reduced ennui to a minimum.
And then, with a sweep of his white, unringed hands, be dismissed Melpomene, and forthwith Diana and Amaryllis footed it before the mind's eyes of the clubmen.
The savannas of the continent spread before them. The wind, humming through a hundred leagues of sage brush and mesquite, closed their ears to the city's staccato noises. He told them of camps, of ranches marooned in a sea of fragrant prairie blos- soms, of gallops in the stilly night that Apollo would have forsaken his daytime steeds to enjoy; he read them the great, rough epic of the cattle and the hills that have not been spoiled by the band of man, the mason. His words were a telescope to the city men, whose eyes had looked upon Youngstown, O., and whose tongues had called it "West."
In fact, Emerson had them "going."
The next morning at ten he met Vuyning, by ap- pointment, at a Forty-second Street cafe.
Emerson was to leave for the West that day. He wore a suit of dark cheviot that looked to have been draped upon him by an ancient Grecian tailor who was a few thousand years ahead of the styles.
"Mr. Vuyning," said he, with the clear, ingenuous smile of the successful "crook," it's up to me to go the limit for you any time I can do so. You're the real thing; and if I can ever return the favor, you bet your life I'll do it."
"What was that cow-puncher's name?" asked Vuyning, "who used to catch a mustang by the nose and mane, and throw him till he put the bridle on?"
"Bates," said Emerson.
"Thanks," said Vuyning. "I thought it was Yates. Oh, about that toggery business -- I'd for- gotten that."
"I've been looking for some guy to put me on the right track for years," said Emerson. "You're the goods, duty free, and half-way to the warehouse in a red wagon."
"Bacon, toasted on a green willow switch over red coals, ought to put broiled lobsters out of business," said Vuyning. "And you say a horse at the end of a thirty-foot rope can't pull a ten-inch stake out of wet prairie? Well, good-bye, old man, if you must be off."
At one o'clock Vuyning had luncheon with Miss Allison by previous arrangement.
For thirty minutes be babbled to her, unaccount- ably, of ranches, horses, cations, cyclones, round-ups, Rocky Mountains and beans and bacon. She looked at him with wondering and half-terrified eyes.
"I was going to propose again to-day," said Vuy- ning, cheerily, but I won't. I've worried you often enough. You know dad has a ranch in Colorado. What's the good of staying here? Jumping jon- quils! but it's great out there. I'm going to start next Tuesday."
"No, you won't," said Miss Allison.
"What?" said Vuyning.
"Not alone," said Miss Allison, dropping a tear upon her salad. "What do you think?"
"Betty!" exclaimed Vuyning, "what do you mean?
"I'll go too," said Miss Allison, forcibly. Vuyning filled her glass with Apollinaris.
"Here's to Rowdy the Dude!" he gave -- a toast mysterious.
"Don't know him," said Miss Allison; "but if he's your friend, Jimmy -- here goes!"
Frequently Asked Questions about From Each According to His Ability
What is "From Each According to His Ability" by O. Henry about?
"From Each According to His Ability" is a short story about Vuyning, a bored wealthy clubman who strikes up an unlikely friendship with Emerson, a self-proclaimed criminal known as "Rowdy the Dude." Emerson asks Vuyning to teach him how to dress properly, and Vuyning obliges, taking him to his tailor and coaching him on gentlemanly style. When Emerson dines at Vuyning's club, he captivates the members with vivid tales of the American West. Inspired by Emerson's stories of adventure, Vuyning announces he is leaving for his father's Colorado ranch—and finally wins over Miss Allison, the woman who had rejected him five times before.
What is the meaning of the title "From Each According to His Ability"?
The title is borrowed from Karl Marx's famous maxim, "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs," which advocates that each person contribute what they do best. uses the phrase ironically: both Vuyning and Emerson contribute their unique "abilities" to each other. Vuyning, the idle socialite, contributes his expertise in fashion and social polish. Emerson, the criminal, contributes his authentic experience of the rugged West and the spark of adventure that Vuyning desperately lacks. Each man gives what he is best at—regardless of social respectability—and both are enriched by the exchange.
Who are the main characters in "From Each According to His Ability"?
The story features three main characters. Vuyning (nicknamed "Left-at-the-Post" by his club) is a wealthy, bored New York socialite who has never worked a day in his life but possesses an impeccable sense of fashion. Emerson, also known as "Rowdy the Dude," is a charming criminal—pickpocket, burglar, con man, and cardsharp—who is flush with cash from a bank robbery but lacks the polish to dress like a gentleman. Miss Allison is the woman who has rejected Vuyning's marriage proposals five times, but finally accepts when she sees the new sense of purpose and vitality Emerson's friendship has sparked in him.
What are the main themes of "From Each According to His Ability"?
The story explores several themes characteristic of 's New York fiction. Social class and identity: Vuyning and Emerson come from opposite ends of society but discover they have much to offer each other. Appearance vs. authenticity: the story examines how clothing and manners create social identity, but true charisma comes from genuine experience. Mutual exchange: each man contributes his unique ability—fashion expertise and adventurous spirit—in a relationship that transcends class boundaries. Ennui and renewal: Vuyning's boredom with upper-class life is cured by his contact with someone from outside his sheltered world.
What is the twist ending in "From Each According to His Ability"?
delivers a characteristically surprising ending, though subtler than his most famous twists. Vuyning sets out to polish Emerson's exterior, but it is Emerson who transforms Vuyning's interior. After hearing Emerson's electrifying tales of the West, Vuyning—who had been an aimless, bored clubman—announces he is leaving New York for his father's Colorado ranch. This newfound passion and sense of purpose is exactly what convinces Miss Allison to finally accept him after five rejections. The irony is complete: a criminal and con man, through sheer authenticity, succeeds where wealth and social standing had failed.
When was "From Each According to His Ability" published?
"From Each According to His Ability" was published in 's 1908 collection The Voice of the City: Further Stories of the Four Million. This collection, like its predecessor The Four Million (1906), focuses on the diverse inhabitants of New York City. The title of the earlier collection was itself a rebuttal to socialite Ward McAllister's claim that only 400 people in New York truly mattered—O. Henry insisted the city's four million ordinary residents were all worth writing about.
What is the significance of clothing and fashion in the story?
Clothing is central to the story's plot and meaning. The narrator even breaks the fourth wall to insist that describing Vuyning's outfit "is germane to the movements of the story, and not to make room for the new fall stock of goods." Emerson, despite having more expensive clothes than Vuyning, looks wrong because he has been "outfitted" by a Broadway window-dresser rather than developing genuine taste. Vuyning's detailed critique of Emerson's suit, hat, collar, cuff-buttons, shoes, and socks demonstrates that how one wears clothes matters more than how much they cost—mirroring the story's larger theme that authenticity outweighs mere appearances.
What is the setting of "From Each According to His Ability"?
The story is set in early 1900s New York City, moving through several distinctly Gilded Age locations. It begins at Vuyning's gentlemen's club, then shifts to Broadway and Forty-fourth Street, where a famous corner serves as a known gathering place for criminals. The characters meet at a cafe run by a man named Schrumm, dine at the private club, and part at a Forty-second Street cafe. The final scene takes place at a luncheon with Miss Allison. 's vivid depiction of Broadway captures the energy and social stratification of turn-of-the-century Manhattan.
How does Emerson impress the club members at dinner?
Emerson captivates the club members with epic storytelling about the American West. While they talk of skyscrapers and trivial matters, Emerson paints "a marvellous lingual panorama" with "hard, broad strokes." He stacks snow-topped mountains on the table, sweeps the clubhouse into a pine-crowned gorge, and describes barren lava beds so vividly that each man "took his tongue between his teeth and felt his mouth bake." compares his storytelling to Homer and says Emerson "opened a new world to their view, as does one who tells a child of the Looking-Glass Country." His authentic experience completely outshines the club members' tired, recycled anecdotes.
How does "From Each According to His Ability" compare to other O. Henry stories?
The story shares 's signature elements: a surprise ending, witty narration, vivid New York settings, and unlikely encounters across class lines. It is most similar to stories like The Cop and the Anthem (a criminal navigating social systems) and While the Auto Waits (characters performing social roles). However, it is notably warmer than many O. Henry tales—rather than an ironic reversal of fortune, the ending is genuinely happy for everyone involved. The story also stands out for its meta-literary humor, with the narrator directly addressing the reader about why describing a man's wardrobe is relevant to the plot.
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