ACT IV - Scene I Romeo and Juliet


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Romeo, Juliet, and Friar Lawrence discussing the potion plan
Romeo, Juliet, and the Friar, illustration by H. Parker Rolfe

Friar Laurence's cell.

Enter Friar, [Laurence] and County Paris.

FRIAR
On Thursday, sir? The time is very short.

PARIS
My father Capulet will have it so,
And I am nothing slow to slack his haste.

FRIAR
You say you do not know the lady's mind.
Uneven is the course;
I like it not.

PARIS
Immoderately she weeps for Tybalt's death,
And therefore have I little talk'd of love;

For Venus smiles not in a house of tears.
Now, sir, her father counts it dangerous
That she do give her sorrow so much sway,
And in his wisdom hastes our marriage
To stop the inundation of her tears,
Which, too much minded by herself alone,
May be put from her by society.
Now do you know the reason of this haste.

FRIAR
[aside] I would I knew not why it should be slow'd.-
Look, sir, here comes the lady toward my cell.

Enter Juliet.

PARIS
Happily met, my lady and my wife!

JULIET
That may be, sir, when I may be a wife.

PARIS
That may be must be, love, on Thursday next.

JULIET
What must be shall be.

FRIAR
That's a certain text.

PARIS
Come you to make confession to this father?

JULIET
To answer that, I should confess to you.

PARIS
Do not deny to him that you love me.

JULIET
I will confess to you that I love him.

PARIS
So will ye, I am sure, that you love me.

JULIET
If I do so, it will be of more price,
Being spoke behind your back, than to your face.

PARIS
Poor soul, thy face is much abus'd with tears.

JULIET
The tears have got small victory by that,
For it was bad enough before their spite.

PARIS
Thou wrong'st it more than tears with that report.

JULIET
That is no slander, sir, which is a truth;

And what I spake, I spake it to my face.

PARIS
Thy face is mine, and thou hast sland'red it.

JULIET
It may be so, for it is not mine own.
Are you at leisure, holy father, now,
Or shall I come to you at evening mass?

FRIAR
My leisure serves me, pensive daughter, now.
My lord, we must entreat the time alone.

PARIS
God shield I should disturb devotion!
Juliet, on Thursday early will I rouse ye.
Till then, adieu, and keep this holy kiss.

Exit.

JULIET
O, shut the door! and when thou hast done so,
Come weep with me- past hope, past cure, past help!

FRIAR
Ah, Juliet, I already know thy grief;

It strains me past the compass of my wits.
I hear thou must, and nothing may prorogue it,
On Thursday next be married to this County.

JULIET
Tell me not, friar, that thou hear'st of this,
Unless thou tell me how I may prevent it.
If in thy wisdom thou canst give no help,
Do thou but call my resolution wise
And with this knife I'll help it presently.
God join'd my heart and Romeo's, thou our hands;

And ere this hand, by thee to Romeo's seal'd,
Shall be the label to another deed,
Or my true heart with treacherous revolt
Turn to another, this shall slay them both.
Therefore, out of thy long-experienc'd time,
Give me some present counsel;
or, behold,
'Twixt my extremes and me this bloody knife
Shall play the empire, arbitrating that
Which the commission of thy years and art
Could to no issue of true honour bring.
Be not so long to speak. I long to die
If what thou speak'st speak not of remedy.

FRIAR
Hold, daughter. I do spy a kind of hope,
Which craves as desperate an execution
As that is desperate which we would prevent.
If, rather than to marry County Paris
Thou hast the strength of will to slay thyself,
Then is it likely thou wilt undertake
A thing like death to chide away this shame,
That cop'st with death himself to scape from it;

And, if thou dar'st, I'll give thee remedy.

JULIET
O, bid me leap, rather than marry Paris,
From off the battlements of yonder tower,
Or walk in thievish ways, or bid me lurk
Where serpents are;
chain me with roaring bears,
Or shut me nightly in a charnel house,
O'ercover'd quite with dead men's rattling bones,
With reeky shanks and yellow chapless skulls;

Or bid me go into a new-made grave
And hide me with a dead man in his shroud-
Things that, to hear them told, have made me tremble-
And I will do it without fear or doubt,
To live an unstain'd wife to my sweet love.

FRIAR
Hold, then. Go home, be merry, give consent
To marry Paris. Wednesday is to-morrow.
To-morrow night look that thou lie alone;

Let not the nurse lie with thee in thy chamber.
Take thou this vial, being then in bed,
And this distilled liquor drink thou off;

When presently through all thy veins shall run
A cold and drowsy humour;
for no pulse
Shall keep his native progress, but surcease;

No warmth, no breath, shall testify thou livest;

The roses in thy lips and cheeks shall fade
To paly ashes, thy eyes' windows fall
Like death when he shuts up the day of life;

Each part, depriv'd of supple government,
Shall, stiff and stark and cold, appear like death;

And in this borrowed likeness of shrunk death
Thou shalt continue two-and-forty hours,
And then awake as from a pleasant sleep.
Now, when the bridegroom in the morning comes
To rouse thee from thy bed, there art thou dead.
Then, as the manner of our country is,
In thy best robes uncovered on the bier
Thou shalt be borne to that same ancient vault
Where all the kindred of the Capulets lie.
In the mean time, against thou shalt awake,
Shall Romeo by my letters know our drift;

And hither shall he come;
and he and I
Will watch thy waking, and that very night
Shall Romeo bear thee hence to Mantua.
And this shall free thee from this present shame,
If no inconstant toy nor womanish fear
Abate thy valour in the acting it.

JULIET
Give me, give me! O, tell not me of fear!

FRIAR
Hold! Get you gone, be strong and prosperous
In this resolve. I'll send a friar with speed
To Mantua, with my letters to thy lord.

JULIET
Love give me strength! and strength shall help afford.
Farewell, dear father.

Exeunt.

Frequently Asked Questions about ACT IV - Scene I from Romeo and Juliet

What happens in Act 4, Scene 1 of Romeo and Juliet?

In Act 4, Scene 1, Juliet goes to Friar Laurence's cell seeking a way to avoid her forced marriage to Paris. She arrives to find Paris already there, discussing wedding plans with the Friar. After an awkward exchange filled with double meanings, Paris leaves. Juliet then desperately threatens to kill herself with a knife rather than betray her secret marriage to Romeo. The Friar proposes a daring plan: Juliet will drink a sleeping potion that makes her appear dead for forty-two hours. Her family will place her in the Capulet vault, Romeo will be summoned from Mantua, and the two lovers will escape together.

What is Friar Laurence's plan in Act 4, Scene 1?

Friar Laurence devises a multi-step plan to reunite Romeo and Juliet. He instructs Juliet to go home, act cheerful, and consent to marry Paris. On the night before the wedding, she must drink a distilled potion that will stop her pulse, cool her body, and make her appear dead for forty-two hours. Her family will lay her in the Capulet family tomb, believing her dead. Meanwhile, the Friar will send a letter to Romeo in Mantua explaining the scheme. Romeo will return, be present when Juliet awakens, and the two will flee to Mantua together. The plan is ingenious but fragile—it depends entirely on the letter reaching Romeo in time.

Why does Juliet threaten to kill herself in Act 4, Scene 1?

Juliet threatens suicide because she sees no other escape from her impossible situation. She is already secretly married to Romeo, and marrying Paris would constitute bigamy and a betrayal of her true love. When she begs Friar Laurence for help and he hesitates, she draws a knife and declares she will use it "presently" if he cannot offer a remedy. Her threat is not impulsive—it reflects the depth of her commitment to Romeo and her refusal to let society force her into a false marriage. The moment also reveals how completely trapped Juliet is: with Romeo banished, her parents demanding obedience, and no allies except the Friar, death seems like the only honorable alternative.

How does Juliet respond to Paris in Act 4, Scene 1?

Juliet responds to Paris with a series of cleverly ambiguous remarks that satisfy politeness while concealing her true feelings. When Paris calls her "my lady and my wife," she deflects with "That may be, sir, when I may be a wife." When he says she must marry him Thursday, she replies with the fatalistic "What must be shall be." Her most masterful line comes when Paris asks her to confess love for him: she answers, "I will confess to you that I love him," which Paris takes as encouragement but actually refers to Friar Laurence. Throughout the exchange, Juliet's verbal dexterity reveals her intelligence and composure under pressure, contrasting sharply with Paris's inability to perceive her true meaning.

What role does dramatic irony play in Act 4, Scene 1?

Dramatic irony saturates Act 4, Scene 1 because the audience knows Juliet is already married to Romeo, while Paris remains oblivious. Every compliment Paris pays and every wedding plan he discusses becomes painfully hollow. The Friar's disapproval of the rushed marriage is itself deeply ironic, since he performed an equally hasty secret wedding between Romeo and Juliet. Juliet's double-edged dialogue adds another layer: her words carry one meaning for Paris and an entirely different one for the audience. This layered irony heightens the tension and underscores how far deception has spread—even the religious figure meant to represent truth is now orchestrating an elaborate ruse involving faked death.

What is the significance of the sleeping potion in Romeo and Juliet?

The sleeping potion is one of the play's most important plot devices and symbols. On a practical level, it enables the Friar's plan to rescue Juliet from an unwanted marriage. Symbolically, it represents the blurring of the boundary between life and death that runs throughout the play. The Friar describes its effects in vivid detail—no pulse, no warmth, no breath, roses fading from lips and cheeks—making the simulated death almost indistinguishable from real death. This foreshadows the tragic ending, where the appearance of death leads directly to actual death. The potion also carries a dark irony: the very substance meant to preserve the lovers' union ultimately contributes to their destruction when Romeo, unaware of the plan, believes Juliet is truly dead.

How does Act 4, Scene 1 develop Juliet's character?

Act 4, Scene 1 marks Juliet's transformation from a young woman caught between duty and desire into a figure of extraordinary resolve. Her willingness to face death—first by her own knife, then through the Friar's terrifying potion plan—demonstrates a courage that surpasses every other character in the play. In a remarkable speech, she declares she would rather leap from a tower, walk among thieves, be chained with bears, or sleep in a charnel house among rattling bones than marry Paris. Her final line, "Give me, give me! O, tell not me of fear!" reveals an inner authority and decisiveness that contrasts sharply with the passive obedience her father expects. Juliet's identity as Romeo's wife has become her defining commitment, one she will protect at any cost.

 

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