The Awakening

by Kate Chopin


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Chapter XXIV


Edna and her father had a warm, and almost violent dispute upon the subject of her refusal to attend her sister's wedding. Mr. Pontellier declined to interfere, to interpose either his influence or his authority. He was following Doctor Mandelet's advice, and letting her do as she liked. The Colonel reproached his daughter for her lack of filial kindness and respect, her want of sisterly affection and womanly consideration. His arguments were labored and unconvincing. He doubted if Janet would accept any excuse—forgetting that Edna had offered none. He doubted if Janet would ever speak to her again, and he was sure Margaret would not.

Edna was glad to be rid of her father when he finally took himself off with his wedding garments and his bridal gifts, with his padded shoulders, his Bible reading, his “toddies” and ponderous oaths.

Mr. Pontellier followed him closely. He meant to stop at the wedding on his way to New York and endeavor by every means which money and love could devise to atone somewhat for Edna's incomprehensible action.

“You are too lenient, too lenient by far, Leonce,” asserted the Colonel. “Authority, coercion are what is needed. Put your foot down good and hard; the only way to manage a wife. Take my word for it.”

The Colonel was perhaps unaware that he had coerced his own wife into her grave. Mr. Pontellier had a vague suspicion of it which he thought it needless to mention at that late day.

Edna was not so consciously gratified at her husband's leaving home as she had been over the departure of her father. As the day approached when he was to leave her for a comparatively long stay, she grew melting and affectionate, remembering his many acts of consideration and his repeated expressions of an ardent attachment. She was solicitous about his health and his welfare. She bustled around, looking after his clothing, thinking about heavy underwear, quite as Madame Ratignolle would have done under similar circumstances. She cried when he went away, calling him her dear, good friend, and she was quite certain she would grow lonely before very long and go to join him in New York.

But after all, a radiant peace settled upon her when she at last found herself alone. Even the children were gone. Old Madame Pontellier had come herself and carried them off to Iberville with their quadroon. The old madame did not venture to say she was afraid they would be neglected during Leonce's absence; she hardly ventured to think so. She was hungry for them—even a little fierce in her attachment. She did not want them to be wholly “children of the pavement,” she always said when begging to have them for a space. She wished them to know the country, with its streams, its fields, its woods, its freedom, so delicious to the young. She wished them to taste something of the life their father had lived and known and loved when he, too, was a little child.

When Edna was at last alone, she breathed a big, genuine sigh of relief. A feeling that was unfamiliar but very delicious came over her. She walked all through the house, from one room to another, as if inspecting it for the first time. She tried the various chairs and lounges, as if she had never sat and reclined upon them before. And she perambulated around the outside of the house, investigating, looking to see if windows and shutters were secure and in order. The flowers were like new acquaintances; she approached them in a familiar spirit, and made herself at home among them. The garden walks were damp, and Edna called to the maid to bring out her rubber sandals. And there she stayed, and stooped, digging around the plants, trimming, picking dead, dry leaves. The children's little dog came out, interfering, getting in her way. She scolded him, laughed at him, played with him. The garden smelled so good and looked so pretty in the afternoon sunlight. Edna plucked all the bright flowers she could find, and went into the house with them, she and the little dog.

Even the kitchen assumed a sudden interesting character which she had never before perceived. She went in to give directions to the cook, to say that the butcher would have to bring much less meat, that they would require only half their usual quantity of bread, of milk and groceries. She told the cook that she herself would be greatly occupied during Mr. Pontellier's absence, and she begged her to take all thought and responsibility of the larder upon her own shoulders.

That night Edna dined alone. The candelabra, with a few candies in the center of the table, gave all the light she needed. Outside the circle of light in which she sat, the large dining-room looked solemn and shadowy. The cook, placed upon her mettle, served a delicious repast—a luscious tenderloin broiled a point. The wine tasted good; the marron glace seemed to be just what she wanted. It was so pleasant, too, to dine in a comfortable peignoir.

She thought a little sentimentally about Leonce and the children, and wondered what they were doing. As she gave a dainty scrap or two to the doggie, she talked intimately to him about Etienne and Raoul. He was beside himself with astonishment and delight over these companionable advances, and showed his appreciation by his little quick, snappy barks and a lively agitation.

Then Edna sat in the library after dinner and read Emerson until she grew sleepy. She realized that she had neglected her reading, and determined to start anew upon a course of improving studies, now that her time was completely her own to do with as she liked.

After a refreshing bath, Edna went to bed. And as she snuggled comfortably beneath the eiderdown a sense of restfulness invaded her, such as she had not known before.

Frequently Asked Questions about Chapter XXIV from The Awakening

What happens in Chapter 24 of The Awakening?

Chapter 24 centers on Edna Pontellier gaining solitude for the first time in the novel. It opens with her "almost violent" argument with her father, the Colonel, over her refusal to attend her sister Janet's wedding. Mr. Pontellier departs for New York, the children are taken to Iberville by old Madame Pontellier, and Edna finds herself completely alone. She walks through the house as if seeing it for the first time, explores the garden, dines alone by candlelight on tenderloin and wine, reads Emerson in the library, and goes to bed feeling a "restfulness... such as she had not known before."

Why does Edna refuse to attend her sister's wedding in The Awakening?

Kate Chopin never gives a specific reason for Edna's refusal, which is itself the point. The Colonel demands filial obedience, but Edna simply does not offer an excuse—her father is left "forgetting that Edna had offered none." Her refusal reflects her broader rejection of family duty and social convention. By this stage of the novel, Edna has stopped performing the roles expected of a Creole wife and daughter. The wedding dispute becomes a proxy for the larger conflict between her emerging selfhood and the patriarchal expectations imposed by her father, her husband, and New Orleans society.

What is the significance of Edna being alone in Chapter 24?

Edna's solitude in Chapter 24 is the novel's first sustained scene of genuine independence. With her husband in New York, her father gone, and her children at Iberville, she is free from every domestic obligation. Chopin signals the importance of this moment through Edna's physical exploration of the house "as if inspecting it for the first time." The flowers become "new acquaintances," and she approaches them "in a familiar spirit." Her solitary dinner—luxurious food, wine, and a comfortable peignoir—represents sensual pleasure claimed on her own terms. The chapter ends with a "sense of restfulness... such as she had not known before," confirming that Edna's peace comes not from any relationship but from self-possession.

What does the Colonel's advice reveal about patriarchal authority in The Awakening?

The Colonel tells Léonce: "Authority, coercion are what is needed. Put your foot down good and hard; the only way to manage a wife." This blunt prescription exposes the mechanism of patriarchal control that underlies Creole marriage. Chopin immediately undercuts his authority with a devastating aside: "The Colonel was perhaps unaware that he had coerced his own wife into her grave." The Colonel's dead wife becomes silent evidence of what "authority and coercion" actually produce. Léonce, to his credit, suspects the truth but finds it "needless to mention at that late day." The exchange dramatizes two models of male response to female autonomy—brute force and passive avoidance—neither of which acknowledges Edna as a person with her own will.

Why does Edna read Emerson in Chapter 24 of The Awakening?

After dining alone, Edna retires to the library and reads Ralph Waldo Emerson until she grows sleepy. The detail is significant because Emerson's philosophy of self-reliance directly mirrors Edna's awakening. Emerson championed individual intuition over social conformity, writing that "whoso would be a man must be a nonconformist." Edna resolves to "start anew upon a course of improving studies, now that her time was completely her own." The moment marks an intellectual dimension of her liberation: she is not merely enjoying freedom from domestic routine but actively cultivating her mind. Reading Emerson by choice, in solitude, is itself an act of self-determination that parallels her earlier decision to paint and her later decision to move out of the Pontellier house.

What symbols appear in Chapter 24 of The Awakening?

Several symbols reinforce the chapter's themes of freedom and self-discovery. The house itself transforms from a site of obligation into a space Edna claims by walking through every room and inspecting it anew. The garden and flowers she tends represent a natural world she can finally engage with on her own terms—they are "new acquaintances" despite having been there all along. The peignoir (a loose dressing gown) she wears to dinner symbolizes her rejection of the formal clothing associated with her social role. Candlelight in the large dining room creates a circle of warmth surrounded by shadow, mirroring Edna's small pocket of self-possession within the larger darkness of her situation. Finally, the eiderdown she snuggles beneath at the chapter's close suggests comfort and sensual pleasure claimed in solitude rather than shared in marriage.

 

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