Moby-Dick; or, The Whale

by Herman Melville


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Chapter 49 - The Hyena


Chapter 49 - The Hyena from Moby-Dick; or, The Whale

There are certain queer times and occasions in this strange mixed affair we call life when a man takes this whole universe for a vast practical joke, though the wit thereof he but dimly discerns, and more than suspects that the joke is at nobody's expense but his own. However, nothing dispirits, and nothing seems worth while disputing. He bolts down all events, all creeds, and beliefs, and persuasions, all hard things visible and invisible, never mind how knobby; as an ostrich of potent digestion gobbles down bullets and gun flints. And as for small difficulties and worryings, prospects of sudden disaster, peril of life and limb; all these, and death itself, seem to him only sly, good-natured hits, and jolly punches in the side bestowed by the unseen and unaccountable old joker. That odd sort of wayward mood I am speaking of, comes over a man only in some time of extreme tribulation; it comes in the very midst of his earnestness, so that what just before might have seemed to him a thing most momentous, now seems but a part of the general joke. There is nothing like the perils of whaling to breed this free and easy sort of genial, desperado philosophy; and with it I now regarded this whole voyage of the Pequod, and the great White Whale its object.

"Queequeg," said I, when they had dragged me, the last man, to the deck, and I was still shaking myself in my jacket to fling off the water; "Queequeg, my fine friend, does this sort of thing often happen?" Without much emotion, though soaked through just like me, he gave me to understand that such things did often happen.

"Mr. Stubb," said I, turning to that worthy, who, buttoned up in his oil-jacket, was now calmly smoking his pipe in the rain; "Mr. Stubb, I think I have heard you say that of all whalemen you ever met, our chief mate, Mr. Starbuck, is by far the most careful and prudent. I suppose then, that going plump on a flying whale with your sail set in a foggy squall is the height of a whaleman's discretion?"

"Certain. I've lowered for whales from a leaking ship in a gale off Cape Horn."

"Mr. Flask," said I, turning to little King-Post, who was standing close by; "you are experienced in these things, and I am not. Will you tell me whether it is an unalterable law in this fishery, Mr. Flask, for an oarsman to break his own back pulling himself back-foremost into death's jaws?"

"Can't you twist that smaller?" said Flask. "Yes, that's the law. I should like to see a boat's crew backing water up to a whale face foremost. Ha, ha! the whale would give them squint for squint, mind that!"

Here then, from three impartial witnesses, I had a deliberate statement of the entire case. Considering, therefore, that squalls and capsizings in the water and consequent bivouacks on the deep, were matters of common occurrence in this kind of life; considering that at the superlatively critical instant of going on to the whale I must resign my life into the hands of him who steered the boat- oftentimes a fellow who at that very moment is in his impetuousness upon the point of scuttling the craft with his own frantic stampings; considering that the particular disaster to our own particular boat was chiefly to be imputed to Starbuck's driving on to his whale almost in the teeth of a squall, and considering that Starbuck, notwithstanding, was famous for his great heedfulness in the fishery; considering that I belonged to this uncommonly prudent Starbuck's boat; and finally considering in what a devil's chase I was implicated, touching the White Whale: taking all things together, I say, I thought I might as well go below and make a rough draft of my will. "Queequeg," said I, "come along, you shall be my lawyer, executor, and legatee."

It may seem strange that of all men sailors should be tinkering at their last wills and testaments, but there are no people in the world more fond of that diversion. This was the fourth time in my nautical life that I had done the same thing. After the ceremony was concluded upon the present occasion, I felt all the easier; a stone was rolled away from my heart. Besides, all the days I should now live would be as good as the days that Lazarus lived after his resurrection; a supplementary clean gain of so many months or weeks as the case may be. I survived myself; my death and burial were locked up in my chest. I looked round me tranquilly and contentedly, like a quiet ghost with a clean conscience sitting inside the bars of a snug family vault.

Now then, thought I, unconsciously rolling up the sleeves of my frock, here goes for a cool, collected dive at death and destruction, and the devil fetch the hindmost.

Frequently Asked Questions about Chapter 49 - The Hyena from Moby-Dick; or, The Whale

What happens in Chapter 49 of Moby-Dick?

After being rescued from a swamped whaleboat, Ishmael questions Queequeg, Stubb, and Flask about whether such dangerous incidents are normal. All three confirm that capsizings, storms, and near-death encounters are routine in whaling. Realizing the constant peril he faces, Ishmael decides to go below and draft his last will and testament, asking Queequeg to serve as his lawyer, executor, and legatee.

Why is Chapter 49 of Moby-Dick called 'The Hyena'?

The title refers to the hyena-like laughter that arises from extreme tribulation—a kind of dark, involuntary humor in the face of danger. Ishmael describes a mood in which the entire universe seems like a "vast practical joke," and the only response is a wild, reckless amusement. The hyena symbolizes this gallows humor and the desperado philosophy that whaling life breeds.

Why does Ishmael write his will in Moby-Dick?

Ishmael drafts his will after learning from three crewmates that the near-fatal events he just survived are routine occurrences in whaling. He reasons that since squalls, capsizings, reckless steersmen, and the pursuit of the White Whale all make death likely, he should settle his affairs. He notes this is already the fourth time in his nautical career he has written a will, and that sailors are surprisingly fond of the practice.

What is the 'desperado philosophy' Ishmael describes?

Ishmael calls it a "free and easy sort of genial, desperado philosophy" bred by the perils of whaling. It is a worldview in which a person accepts that life is dangerous and possibly meaningless, then chooses to face death with humor and indifference rather than fear. In this state, "nothing dispirits, and nothing seems worth while disputing"—even death seems like a "jolly punch in the side" from an "unseen and unaccountable old joker." This philosophy reflects Melville's engagement with existentialist themes decades before the movement emerged.

What role does Queequeg play in Chapter 49?

Queequeg plays two roles in this chapter. First, he serves as a stoic witness to the dangers of whaling, confirming without much emotion that capsizings happen regularly. Second, Ishmael asks Queequeg to act as his "lawyer, executor, and legatee" for his will. This dual role underscores their deep friendship and mutual trust—Queequeg is both the person who validates Ishmael's fears and the one to whom Ishmael entrusts his worldly affairs.

What is the Lazarus allusion in Chapter 49 of Moby-Dick?

After completing his will, Ishmael compares himself to the biblical Lazarus after his resurrection. He says that all his remaining days are "a supplementary clean gain," as though he has already died and been reborn. He describes himself as having "survived myself," with his death and burial "locked up in my chest." This allusion captures the psychological liberation Ishmael feels once he has accepted his mortality—by treating himself as already dead, he is free to face the voyage's dangers without anxiety.

 

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